12 LXXI. COMPOSIT.i:. 



smaller), subsessile, elliptic-oblong, acute, sharply serrate, scaberulous 

 above, densely clothed with white tomentum beneath ; main nerves 8- 

 10 pairs, prominent beneath ; petioles or sometimes ;j in. long, broad 

 at the base. Heads \ in. in diam., 8-12-flo\vered, crowded at the ends 

 of the stout branches oE corymbose panicles, with linear-lanceolate 

 tomentose bracts beneath the branches of the panicle. Invol.-bi'acts 

 elliptic-oblong, obtuse, purple-tipped, mucronate with a short black 

 point, densely tomentose on the back, the outer the smallest. Corollas 

 glabrous, reddish-purple. Achenes 10-ribbed, glabrous, yV^'ro ^^" ^*^°S» 

 Pappus yellowish, as long as the corolla ; hairs of the outer row short, 

 very deciduous, appareutl7 when the flowers are mature. Fl. B. I. 

 V. 3, p. 288 ; Woodr. in Journ. Bomb. Nat. v. 11 (1898) p G47. Deca- 

 neurum dendigidense, DC. in Wight, Contrib. (1834) p. 7 ; Prodr. v. 5, 

 p. 67.— Flowers : Oct. 



Deccan : Panebgani, Wood row ! ; Mahableshwar, Cooke ! ; Mawal districts, Woodrovj. 

 S. M. CouNTKY : sandstone low open hills east of Belgaum, Eilchie, 3u9 ! Kanaka : 

 iStocks ! — DisTRiB. India (hills of the W. Peninsula). 



Vcrnonia arhorea, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. v. 14 (1825) p. 218. A 

 tree reaching 40 ft. high ; branches tomentose. Leaves 5-8 by 2-3 in., 

 densely woolly beneath. Flowers pale-violet or white. 11. B. I. v. 3, 

 p. 239; Grab. Cat. p. 96 ; Trim. Fl Ceyl. v. 3, p. 11; Talb. Trees 

 Bomb. ed. 2, p. 200. 



Occasionally grown in gardens, having been introduced probably from Bengal. It 

 has not been found wild in the Bombay Presidency. 



5. ELEPHANTOPUS, Linn. 



Rigid usually perennial herbs. Leaves alternate. Flowers in liorao- 

 gamous heads of 2-5 flowers, collected into a head-like cluster. Involucre 

 oblong, compressed ; bracts about 8 in 2 rows, the outer the shorter, 

 lleceptacle small, naked. Corollas equal, subregular or most commonly 

 subpalmatsly spreading from the inner side, being deeply cleft ; lobes 5, 

 narrow. Anthers sagittate at the base, with obtuse auricles. Style- 

 arms subulate, minutely hairy. Achenes truncate at the apex, 10-ribbed. 

 Pappus-bristles 1-2-seriate, rigid, shining, slender and dilated below or 

 chali'-like. — Distkib. Chiefly Tropical American ; species 10-12. 



1. Elephantopus scaber, Linn. Sp. PL (1753) p. 814. Erect, 

 6-15 in. high; rootstock short, giving off many stout fibrous roots; 

 stem usually dichotomously branched, strigose, with appressed white 

 hairs. Leaves mostly I'adical, 5-8 by 14-2^ iu., forming a spreading 

 rosette on the ground, obovate-oblong, rounded or subacute, coarsely 

 serrate-dentate, more or less hairy on both surfaces, base tapering into 

 an obscure petiole ; main nerves numerous, prominent beneath, with 

 reticulate veins between ; cauline leaves smaller than the radical, sessile 

 or nearly so. Heads numerous, sessile, closely packed, forming a large 

 flat-topped terminal inflorescence nearly 1 in. across and surrounded at 

 the base by 3 large stiff broadly-ovate cordate conduplicate conspicuously- 

 nerved leafy bracts. Invol.-bracls in 2 series enclosing 4 flowers ; 

 bracts of the outer row half as long as those of the inner, 1-nerved ; 

 bracts of the iiuier row usually 3- (rarely 5-) nerved, scarious, linear, 



