S-4 LXXI. COilPOSIT.-E. 



coarsely toothed or flashed, strigosely hairy or glabrate above, cottoiiy- 

 white between the nerves beneath, taperiug into the petiole; nerves 

 conspicuous green, glabrous ; petioles shorter uj)\\ards, those of the 

 upper leaves \vith 2 lanceolate auricles at or near the base, those of the 

 lower leaves often without auricles. Heads corymbose, yellow, smaller 

 than in the preceding species, usually ebracteolale ; peduncles capillary 

 Mith a few scattered linear bracts. Ligules usually 8, linear-oblong, 

 I in. long, 3-toothed at the apex. Invol. -bracts 12-18, hairy, ^-i in. 

 long, linear-oblong or obovate, acuminate, with narrow scarious margins, 

 more or less connate about | of the way up, at length free. ISlyle-ariiis 

 of ^ flowers truncate, penicillate. Pappus 0. Aclienes J-q- in. long, tur- 

 binate, ribbed, hairy. Y\. B. I. v. 3, p. 348 ; AVoodr. in Journ. liomb. 

 Kat. V. 11 (1898) p. 650. Madacarpvs helgaumensis, AVight, in Calc. 

 Journ. Kat. Hist. v. 7 (1847) p. 157; Icon. t. 1152; Dalz. & Gibs, 

 p. 130. — riowers: Aug.-Jan. Veen, ^on/a. 



A^ery like Sencc'to Grahami in habit and general appearance. The 

 absence of pappus at once distinguishes it, but it may often be recognized 

 when growing by the fewer ligules, which I hnd almost invariably 

 inunber 8. 



KoNKAN : Law I, Lanthcrf \ Deccan : Mahableshwar, Cool'el; Fitzgerald Gliiit, 

 Conke ! S. M. Country : Eelgaura, Ritchie, 384 !, Vooke !, L((W, 22 ! Kanaiia : Lav' ! ; 

 Yflhir Fort walls, liitcJdc, 384!; Ainslii (N. Kanam), Talbuf, 1371 1 ; Kala naddi, 

 llUcldc, —J— I— DisTRiB. India (W. reniiisula), apparently endemic. 



Senccio sempervivus, Sch.-Bip. in Flora, v. 28 (1845) p. 500, a native 

 of Arabia, is often grown as a pot-plant about bungalows. Cacalla 

 scmpcrvirens, A'ahl, 8ymb. v. 3, p. 92 ; Dalz. & Gibs, yujipl. p. 40. 



44. ECHINOPS, Linn. 



Thistle-like herbs more or less albo-toracntose. Leaves alternate, 

 pimiatifid, spinous. Heads in globose involucrate solitary balls, blue or 

 white, sessile or shortly stipitate on a common receptacle, 1-fiowercd ; 

 flowers ^ , all fertile. Involucre oblong ; bracts oo - seriate, rigid, 

 pungent or some spinescent, outer shorter, inner spathulate, innermost 

 linear or lanceolate, sometimes all connate into a tube with 1 rigid spine 

 on the outer side. Eeceptacle minute. Corolla regular; tube slender; 

 lindj cvlindric, 5-partite with slender segments. Filaments glabrous ; 

 anther-bases sagittate, the auricles connate; tails short, flmbriate or 

 entire. Style-arms thick and with a thick basal ring, at length more or 

 less spreading. Pappus coroniform, of many short subpaleaceous free 

 or more or less connate bristles. 7Vchenes elongate, subtercte or 

 4-gonous, villous (rarely glabrous). — HiSTjiin. .8. Eunjpc, X. Africa, and 

 Asia to Japan ; species about 70. 



1. Hchinops echinatus, llocih. Jfort. Bcmj. (1814) p. f!2. A unich- 

 branched rigid annual 1-3 ft. high ; branches widely spreading from the 

 base, white with cottony pubescence. Leaves sessile, 3-5 in. huig, 

 glabrous or minutely scaherulous (rarely araneously pubescent) above, 

 white with cottony wool beneath, oblong, deeply piiniatilid, the lobes 

 triangular and ol)]ong, sinuate and spinescent, tlu! spines often 1 in. 

 long. Balls of the heads while, 1-1;] in. (i-arcly more) in diam. 

 ('"xchiding the s^iines); segments of (•(irulla-liinb \ by .,\-, in., linear, 



