LXXIII. CAMrANUJ.AC'E.E. <0 



4. SPHENOCLEA, Ga;itn. 



An annual erect glabrous marsh berb. Leaves alternate, quite entire, 

 riowers small, sessile, 2- bracteolate, in terminal and lateral dense 

 pedunculate cylindric (or when young subcoiiic) bracteate spilces. 

 Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, hemispheric ; limb 5-partite, the lobes 

 triangular - ovate, obtuse. Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed, valvate. 

 Stamens 5, inserted at the very base of the corolla-tub^ ; filaments 

 shortly dilated at the base ; anthers short, free. Ovary ^-inferior, 

 2-celled ; ovules many, on stalked placentas ; style very short ; stigma 

 obscurely 2-lobed. Capsule i-superior, membranous and somewhat 

 turbinate and angular below, flat-topped, circumcissilely dehiscing at the 

 margin of the calyx-tube, the operculum deciduous vsdth the calyx-lobes. 

 Seeds very numerous, minute oblong. — -Distrib. Widely dispersed 

 throughout the warmer regions of both hemispheres; species 1. 



1. Sphenoclea zeylanica, Gccrtn. Fmct. v. 1 (1788) p. 113, t. 24, 

 fig. 5. An erect annual herb 1-3 ft. high ; stem stout, succulent, 

 glabrous, slightly branched. Leaves 1-3 by -j— | in., lanceolate-oblong, 

 acute, glaucous-gi-een, glabrous ; petiole g-^^ in. long. I'lowers greenish- 

 yellow, sessile, each with 1 small bract and 2 bracteoles at their base, in 

 dense erect tapering spikes |-2 in. long ; peduncles of the spikes 

 i-1 in. long. Calyx glabrous; lobes -^ in. long (slightly enlarged in 

 fruit), triangular-ovate, obtuse, with membranous margins, folded over 

 the top of the capsule in fruit. Corolla broadly campanulate, 5-lobed. 

 Capsules chartaceous, flat-topped, crowned with the i)cr.-^istent calyx- 

 lobes, somewhat wedge-shaped and angled downwards from the pressure 

 of the adjacent capsules which are closely packed on the spike. Seeds 

 minute, narrowly oblong, microscopically scabrous. Fl. B. I. v. 3, 

 p. 438; Grab. Cat, p. 248; Trim. Fl. Ceyl. v. 3, p. 59. Sphenoclea 

 Fongatium, A. DC. Prodr. v. 7 (1838) p. 548; Wight, 111. t. 138.— 

 Flowers : Oct.-Dec. 



Tolerably common in damp places. TConkan: in rice-fields, Graham; Bassein, 

 Cookcl; Kalyan, JVoodrow; Vingorla, KaJiitkar I Sind : Bubak, Woudrow. — Distrib. 

 Throughout India in swampy places ; Ceylon ; warm regions in both hemiBpheres. 



5. CAMPANULA, Linn. 



Perennial (less commonly annual) herbs, erect or decumbent. Leaves 

 alternate or the radical subrosulate. Flowers usually blue, more rarely 

 violet or white, solitary, pedunculate, terminal or axillary, or in a 

 terminal usually pyramidal panicle. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, 

 hemispheric, turbinate or obovoid ; limb deeply 5-fid or 5-partite, the 

 sinuses sometimes furnished with flattened reflexed appendages. Corolla 

 campanulate, more or less deeply 5-lobed. Stamens free from the 

 corolla ; filaments usually dilated at the base ; anthers free. Ovary 

 inferior, 3 (rarely 4—5) -celled ; ovules numerous in each cell ; stigma 

 narrowly 3- or 5-fid. Capside inferior (rarely ^-superior), crowned with 

 the calyx-lobes, obovoid or elongate, truncate, dehiscing by small valves 

 at the base or on the side outside the calyx-lobes. Seeds usually 

 numerous, small. — Distrib. Widely dispersed, chiefly throughout the 

 northern hemisphere, especially in the Mediterranean region ; species 

 about 230. 



