12i LXXIII. APOCYNACE.f:, 



Anthers included or exserted, conniving in a cone round and 

 sidliering to tlie stigma, eacli cell produced into an empty 

 spur. Fruit follicular ; seed comose. 

 Anthers exserted. 



Climbing shrubs. 



Filaments of stamens long, spirally twisted 10. P.\RsoNsrA. 



Filaments of stamens short, not spirall)' twisted. 11. Vallaris. 

 Erect trees or shrubs. 



Corolla with a corona of scales 12. Wiuoiitia. 



Anthers included. 

 Lofty climbers. 



Corolla very large, 3 in. or more across. 



Corolla campauulate or infundibuliform ... 13. Beaumontia. 



Corolla hypocrateri form 14. Chonemorpiia. 



Corolla medium-sized or small, less tiian 2 in. 

 across. 



Calyx divided to the base 15. Aganosma. 



Calyx not divided to the base. 



Follicles stout, tapering 16. Anodendron. 



Follicles slender, cylindric 17. Ichnocarpus. 



1. CARISSA, Liun. 



Much-branched spinous shrubs, erect, prostrate or climbing. Leaves 

 opposite, small, coriaceous. Elowers in terminal and axillary pedun- 

 culate 2-3-chotomous cymes. Calyx 5-partite, rarely glandular within ; 

 segments acute. Corolla hypocrateriform ; tube cylindric, usually 

 dilated at the top ; lobes 5, overlapping to the right in the Indian 

 species. Stamens at the top of the tube, included ; anthers obtuse, or 

 apiculate from the produced connective. Disk 0, Ovary 2-celled ; 

 ovules 1-4 in each cell, rarely more ; style filiform ; stigma fusiform or 

 columnar, minutely 2-fid. Berry ellipsoid or globose, 2- or (by sup- 

 pression) 1-celled. Seeds usually 2, peltately attached to the septum ; 

 albumen fleshy ; cotyledons ovate ; radicle inferior. — Disteib. Africa, 

 Tropical Asia, and Tropical Australia ; species about 20. 



Spines straight. 



Fruit 2 in. and more 1. C. Carandas. 



Fruit less than ^ in 2. C. spinarum. 



Spines decurved. 



An erect shrub 3. C. incrmis. 



An extensive climbing shrub 4. C.suavissima. 



]. Carissa Carandas, Linn. Mantiss. v. 1 (1767) p. 52. A large 



evergreen shrub with a short stem, glabrous except the inflorescence ; 

 bark light-grey, scaly ; branchlets usually alternate, with twin stout 

 sharp horizontal glabrous spines l-lg in. long at their base; branches 

 usually witliout spines. Leaves l|-;3 by 1-2 in., coriaceous, elliptic or 

 obovate, obtuse, often shortly mucronate, glabrous and shining, base 

 subacute; petioles ^-^ in. long, llowers white, scarcely odorous, in 

 pubescent terminal corymbose cymes ; peduncles usually \-^ in. long, 

 sometimes ahnost 0; pedicels very short; bracts linear, pubescent. 

 Calvx pubescent, cleft rather more than ^-way down ; lobes -^^-^ iu. 

 long, lanceolate, very acute, ciliate. Corolla-tube about h in. long, swollen 

 and pubescent near the top; lobes ^ in. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 

 often pubescent and ciliolate. Stamens included within the corolla- 

 tube ; filaments very short ; anthers linear-oblong. Ovary glabrous ; 

 ovules 4 in each cell ; stigma slightly penicillate at the apex. Yruit 

 ^-1 in. long, ellipsoid, purpli>h-black when ripe, smooth, 4- or more- 



