Lxxxii. AP0CYNACE.1:. 133 



8. HOLARRHENA, K. Br. 



Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, membranous. Flowers white, ia 

 terminal or subaxillary many-dowered corymbose cymes. Calyx 5- 

 partite or deeply 5-fid, usually glandular inside ; lobes small, narrow. 

 Corolla hypoerateriform ; tube slender, cylindric, slightly dilated over 

 the stamens, the throat contracted, naked ; lobes 5, oblong, overlapping 

 to the left. Stamens near the base of the tube, included ; filamenta 

 short ; anthers lanceolate, free from the style, shortly mucronate, cells 

 rounded at the base. Disk 0. Carpels 2, distinct ; ovules many in 

 each carpel ; style short, filiform ; stigma slightly thickened, oblong- 

 fusiform, the tip entire or 2-fid. Follicles 2, elongate, diverging, in- 

 curved, terete. Seeds oblong or linear, compressed, concave, tipped 

 with a deciduous coma ; funicle in the concavity ; albumen scanty ; 

 cotyledons broad, compliL-ate; radicle short, superior. — Disxeib. Tropical 

 Asia and Africa ; species 7 or 8. 



1. Holarrhena antidysenterica, Wall. Cat. (1828) 1672. A 

 shrub or small tree, glabrous or pubescent ; bark pale. Leaves 4-8 by 

 2-4^ in., from broadly ovate to elliptic, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, 

 glabrous or more or less pubescent, base usually obtuse ; main nerves 

 10-14 pairs, conspicuous ; petioles J in, long, sometimes 0. Flowers 

 white, inodorous, in terminal corymbose cymes 3-G in. in diam. ; pedicels 

 slender ; bracts small, lanceolate, pubescent and ciliate. Calyx-lobes 

 jQ-^ in. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute, ciliate. Corolla puberulous 

 outside ; tube ^-g in. long, slightly inflated near the base over the 

 stamens, mouth not closed with a ring of hairs, throat hairy inside ; 

 lobes about equalling the tube, oblong, rounded at the apex, more or less 

 pubescent. Follicles 8-15 in. long, |-| in. in diam., cvlindric, often 

 dotted with white spots. Seeds g in. long or rather more, linear-oblong, 

 tipped with a spreading deciduous coma of brown hairs |-1 in. long. 

 Fl. B. I. V. 3, p. 644; Ualz. & Gibs. p. 145; Bedd. For. Man. in Flor. 

 Sylvat. p. clx, t. 20, fig. 6 ; Talb. Trees, Bomb. ed. 2, p. 226 ; Woodr. 

 in Journ. Bomb. Nat. v. 12 (1898) p. 165; Watt, Diet. Econ. Prod. 

 V. 4, p. 255. Wrir/htia antidysenterica, Grab. Cat. p. 114 (exclud. some 

 syns.). — Flowers : Feb. -June. Veen. Kudd ; Pdndhrd-Jcudd ; Dola- 

 Tcudd. 



ICoNKAN : Law !, Stocks ! ; near Matheran, Cooke I ; the Ghats and hilly parts of the 

 Konkan, Graham. Deccan : Ivoina Valley below Mahableshwar, Cooke ! ; Deccan 

 hills, Woodrow. S. M. Country: Belgaum, Ritchie, 4471 Kanaka: Supa Ghats, 

 Eitchie, 447 ! — Distrib. More or less throughout India ; Malacca. 



The bark and seeds constitute a very important drug in Hindu Materia Medica, the 

 former being considered a Taluable remedy in dysentery and known in commerce as 

 Conessi bark. Some confusion has arisen owing to the fact that Wrightia tinctoria 

 has been mistaken for Holarrhena antidysenterica, which it much resembles and isofteu 

 sold instead of it. See Watt, Diet. Econ. Prod. 1. c. 



9. ERVATAMIA, Stapf, in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. v. 4, p. 126. 



Shrubs or small trees, usually glabrous. Leaves opposite; axillary 

 stipules usually distinct ; axillary glands small, often numerous. Flowers 

 in terminal or pseudo-axillary usually paired corymbose or umbelliform 

 cymes. Calyx small ; lobes 5, free or connate at the base, glandular 

 inside, imbricate. Corolla hypoerateriform ; tube cylindric, slightly 



