LXXXITI. ASCLEPIADACE^'E. 157 



Noral (below Matlicran), Bhiva\\ Salsetto, Graham. Deccan : Kotbinid near Poona, 

 Kanitkar\; Bowdlian near Pooiia, C'oo/.c !— Distrib. India (Tropical Himalaya; 

 Pegn, Birina, W. Peninsula) ; Oeylon. 



The root is used in medicine, and the flovvei-s are eaten. 



12. CYNANCHUM, Linn. 



Herbs or shrubs, erect or twining. Leaves opposite. Flowers small, 

 in sessile or pedunculate corymbose or umbellate cymes or racemes, 

 winch are lateral or subaxillary. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla rotate or 

 campanulate, 5-partite ; lobes overlapping to the right or valvate ; 

 corona often membranous, arising from the stamiual-column near or at 

 its base, annular, cupular or tubular, toothed or lobed at the top or 

 divided more or less deeply into 5 entire or toothed lobes. Stamiual- 

 column arising at or near the base of the corolla; anthers with a 

 membranous tip ; pollen-masses 1 in each cell, pendulous, attached by 

 a short or long caudicle to the pollen-carriers. Style-apex truncate, 

 conical or rostrate. Follicles smooth, winged or entire. — Distkib. 

 Cosmopolitan ; species about 100. 



Leaves glaucous beneath ; follicles winged 1. C. Callialata. 



Leaves not glaucous beneath ; follicles not winged 2. C, paucijioriim, 



1. Cynanchum Callialata, Ham. in Wight, Contrib. (1S34) p. 5G. 

 A large twiner, glabrous or nearly so ; stems slender, terete, glabrous or 

 shghtly hairy. Leaves 2-4 in. long, very variable (g-2 in.) in breadth, 

 linear-oblong or ovate or elliptic-oblong, acuminate, usually glabrous on 

 both surfaces, glaucous beneath, contracted and cordate at the base, the 

 basal lobes small, rounded ; petioles ^-1 in. long, often with a stalked 

 stipule-like rounded leaf in each axil. Flowers in lateral or subaxillary 

 umbellate glabrous cymes ; peduncles i-^ in. long, usually arising just 

 outside the petiole ; pedicels ^-^ in. long. Calyx glabrous, divided to 

 the base or nearly so ; segments yy-jV ^"' ^^'^^S' h^llceolate, acute, not 

 ciliate. Corolla i— | in. long, divided nearly to the base, glabrous ; lobes 

 lanceolate-oblong, subacute; corona shorter than the corolla, tubular, 

 plicate, membranous, with 5 obtuse lobes which are bifid or toothed 

 (rarely entire) at the apex and with shorter lobes between them. 

 Anther-tips membranous, orbicular, often crenulate on the margins, 

 shortly stalked ; pollen-masses oblong, attached to the pollen-carriers 

 by distinct caudicles. Style-apex conical, subacute or obtuse or slightly 

 lobulate, scarcely exserted. Follicles 2^-3 in. long, lanceolate, 2-wingeci, 

 glabrous. Seeds 3 by -i in., broadly ovate, margined, not crenate at the 

 base, glabrous, brown. Fl. B. I. v. 4, p. 24; Wight, Icon. t. 1279; 

 Talb. Ti-ees, Bomb. ed. 2, p. 235 ; Woodr. in Journ. Bomb. Nat. v. 12 

 (1898) p. 1G7.— Flowers : Oct.- Jan. 



KoNKAN : Stock»\ Deccan: Kartriz Ghat near Poona, i?Aiyrt ! ; Bhor Ghat, CooZ'c ! ; 

 li-Aye,v'\,Wuudrow. S. M. Country : 'Qelgtium, Ritchie, \\1\\ Kanaka : common in the 

 evergreen forests near the Nilkund Ghat of N. Kanara, Talbot. — Distrib. India 

 (Behar, Birma, W. Peninsula). 



2. Cynanchum pauciflorum, 11. Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. v. 1 

 (1811) p. 45. Herbaceous twiner, glabrous or nearly so ; stems with 

 long internodes, slender, terete, glabrou^^. Leaves 2-3 by 1-1| in., 

 ovate or o\ate-oblong or subhastate, acute or acuminate, thin, glabrous, 

 base broadly cordate, the basal lobes rounded; petioles |-1| in. long, 



