CXV. BUPHORBIACBiE. 561 



Styles connate ; twining herbs with alternate 

 leaves ; flowers in axillary racemes ; male calyx 



3-5-partite; stamens 1-3; fruit capsular 34. Tiiagia. 



Calyx of male open in bud ; leaves alternate ; styles 

 entire, free or connate at the base. 

 Trees or shrubs ; stamens 3 ; filaments free. 



Calyx 2-3-lobecl ; fruit fleshy or pulpy 35. Sapium. 



Calyx deeply 5-partite ; fruit crustaceous 36. Exccecaria. 



Herbs ; stamens 2-4 ; filaments connate at the 



base; fruit crustaceous 37. Sebastiania. 



1. EUPHORBIA, Liun. 

 Herbs, shrubs, f)r small trees of various habit, with milky juice ; stems 

 sleuder and leafy or thick aud fleshy and sometimes leafless or nearly 

 so. Leaves opposite or less commonly alternate. Flowers monoecious, 

 combined in an inflorescence of many male florets surrounding a solitary 

 female, arranged in a common 4-5-lobed perianth-like involucre with 

 thick glands at the mouth, each gland often bearing a petaloid spreading 

 white or colored limb. Male plowers a stalked stamen without floral 

 envelope. Female flowers : Ovary 3-celIed on an ultimately exsertecf 

 stalk in the centre of the involucre ; ovule solitary in each cell ; styles 3, 

 free or connate. Fruit a capsule of three 2-valved cocci, separating 

 elastically from a persistent axis and dehiscing ventrally or both ventrally 

 and dorsally. Seeds albuminous ; cotyledons broad, flat. The flower- 

 heads in the genus have all the appearance of a single 2-sexual flower, 

 especially when the involucre bears petal-like appendages. — Distrib. 

 Species about 600, in all climates but the very cold. 



Stems not developed above ground ; leaves all radical , 1. E. ucauUs. 



Stems well developed above ground ; leaves not all radical. 

 Perennial shrubs or small trees ; stems and branches 

 thick, fleshy ; glands of involucre without a petaloid limb. 

 Styles 2-fid ; leaves few, small, less than 1 in. long, 



very deciduous 2. E. aiiiiqiioriim. 



Styles undivided ; leaves many, large, exceeding 4 in. 

 long. 



Branches angular, with stipular thorns arising 

 from thick subcoullnent tubercles arranged in 



more or less regular rows 3. E. ligularia. 



Branches cylindric, with stipular thorns arising 



from low distant spirally arranged tubercles... 4. E. vcriifolia. 

 Annual herbs with slender erect ascending or prostrate 

 stems and branches ; glands of involucre with or without 

 a petaloid limb. 



Leaves exstipulate, alternate below and opposite above, 

 or all alternate except the uppermost floral leaves ; 

 glands of involucre 2-horned without a petaloid 

 limb. 



Leaves less than 2 in. long 5. E. dracunculoides. 



Leaves more than 2 in . long 6. E. Rotkiana. 



Leaves all opposite, stipulate, or, if stipules absent, 

 the leaf-attachmer.ts connected by a transverse 

 interpetiolar line ; glands of involucre not horned, 

 usually with a membranous petaloid limb. 



Gland of the involucre with a conspicuous 

 petaloid limb. 



Floral leaves distichously imbricating, se- 

 cund, concealing the involucres. 



Leaves exceeding 1 in. long ; capsules 

 glabrous. 

 TOL. II. 2 P 



