cxvi. vwncACEj^. G31 



arms. Fruit a small straight ovoid or subglobose drupe usually tipped 

 by the style ; endocarp hard. Seed small ; testa membranous ; albumen 

 fleshy ; cotyledons narrow ; radicle ascending. — Distrib. Species about 

 20, tropical aud subtropical. 



1. Trema orientalis, Blume, Mus. Bot. v. 2 (1856) p. 62. A fast- 

 growing short-lived tree 25-30 ft. high with straight spreading branches ; 

 branchlets pubescent. Leaves 2|-5 bj 1|-1| in,, obliquely ovate, 

 acuminate, crenate-serrulate, cliartaceous, somewhat rough above, clothed 

 beneath with soft often white pubescence, base unequal-sided, rounded 

 or subcordate ; lateral basal nerves reaching to half the length of the 

 leaf ; petioles |-| in. long. Flowers in axillary pubescent cymes 

 longer than the petiole, the male cymes rather more compact than the 

 female and usually on different trees. Male floweks : Sepals -^^ in. 

 long, elliptic -lanceolate. Stamens 5. Pistillode small. Female 

 FLOWERS : Sepals ^ in. long, elliptic, ciliolate. Ovary sessile ; style- 

 arms J^ in. long, villous, slightly incurved. Drupe ^ in. in diam., black 

 when ripe. Fl. B. I. v. 5, p. 484; Trim. Fl. Ceyl. v. 4, p. 82; Talb. 

 Trees, Bomb. ed. 2, p. 322; Woodr. in Jouru. Bomb. Nat. v. 12 

 (1899) p. 515 ; Prain, Beng. PI. p. 959 ; Watt, Diet. Econ. Prod. 

 V. 6, part 4, p. 75. Sponia Wi(/htii, Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 8, 

 V. 10 (1848) p. 322; Wight, Icon. t. 1971; Dalz. & Gibs. p. 238; 

 Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. t. 311. Celtis orientalis, Liun. Sp. PL (1753) 

 p. 1044 ; Grab. Cat. p. 189. — Flowers more or less throughout the year. 

 Vern. Ool. 



KoNKAN : Law I, Lambert I, BalzelV., Talbot \\ Kanheri forests, Grahain; Salsette, 

 Graham; Matlieran, Coo}ve\, H. M. Birdwood. Deccan: Khandala, Woodrowl; 

 Lanoli, Cooke ! S. M. Country : Ramghat, Ritchie, 935 ! Kanara : in moist forests 

 common, Talbot. — Distrib. More or less throughout India; Ceylon, Malay Islando. 



The tree is known as the Nettle or Charcoal- Tree. It is employed for making 

 charcoal for the manufacture of gunpowder. 



4. GIRONNIERA, Gaud. 



Unarmed evergreen trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, penninerved ; 

 stipules sheathing the buds, caducous. Flowers dioecious, in axillary 

 cymes or the females solitary. Male flowers minute, globose. 

 Sepals 5, broad, obtuse, imbricate. Stamens 5 ; filaments er<^ct in bud. 

 Pistillode woolly. Female flowers : Sepals narrower than in the 

 male, acute. Ovary sessile ; ovule pendulous ; style central with 2 

 spreading filiform arms. Drupe ovoid or subglobose ; endocarp hard. 

 Albumen copious, scanty or 0. Embryo contorted. — Distrib. Species 

 8 or 10, South Indian, Malayan, and Chinese. 



1. Gironniera reticulata, Thw. Enum. (1861) p. 268. A very 

 large tree with buttresses at the base ; bark grey, smooth ; young parts 

 glabrous or sparsely appressedly hairy. Leaves 3-5 by l2-2| in., ovate 

 to ovate-oblong, acuminate or caudate, glabrous, smooth, shining, base 

 rounded or acute ; main nerves 8-12 pairs, conspicuous beneath wirh 

 reticulate venation between; petioles |-| in. long; stipules connate, 

 lanceolate, hairy, caducous. Flowers axillary, the males in short 

 paniculately branched cymes, the females solitary. Male flowers : 

 Perianth-segments 5, rounded, obtuse. Stamens 5. Pistillode a small 



