056 rXVI. URTICACE.'E. 



oblong, acntninate, often mucronate, glabrous, entire or serrulate, 

 polished and shining above, base usually rounded but sometimes sub- 

 cordate or truncate; main nerves 8-10 pairs with reticulate venation 

 bet\\een, the midrib velvety ; petioles 1 in. long, stout, velvety. Flowers 

 monoecious, the.male receptacles 3-4 together, orbicular, tomentose, ^ in. 

 in diam., peduncles velvety ; the females solitary, enclosed in a pear- 

 shaped axillary subsessile velvety involucre of numerous contlueut bracts, 

 Male flowees : Sepals 3-4, spathulate, imbricate. Stamens 3-8 ; 

 filaments erect. Female flowers : Perianth 0. Ovary adnate to the 

 involucre. Fruit red, velvety, | by | in. ; pyriform or subglobose, 

 1-seeded, on a stalk | in. long. Fl. B. I. v. 5, p. 537 ; Trim. Fl. Ceyl. 

 v. 4, p. 97 ; Talb. Trees, Bomb. ed. 2, p. 332 ; Woodr. in Journ. Bomb. 

 Nat. V. 12 (1899) p. 516; Watt, Diet. Econ. Prod. v. 1, p. 266. 

 Antiaris innoxia, Blume, Rumphia, v. 1 (1835) p. 172, t. 54 ; Bedd. 

 Flor. Sylvat. t. 307. A. saccidora, Dalz. in Kew Journ. Bot. v. 3 (1851) 

 p. 232 ; Dalz. & Gibs. p. 244. Lepurandra saccidora, Nimmo, in Grab. 

 Cat. p. 193. — Flowers : Sept.-Oct. Veen. Karwai ; Jasuiid. Known 

 also as The Upas Tree and the Travancore Sacling Tree. 



KoNKAN : on the hills, BcdccU ^- Gibson : evergreen forests, Talhot ; Wari fount ry, 

 Lalzell cf- Gibson. Deccan: Khandala, Graham, Dalzell Sf Gibson. Kanara : in ever- 

 green forests, common at Yellapur, Talbot. — Distrib. India (Birma, Pegu, Tenasserim, 

 W. Peninsula) ; Ceylon, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. 



The tough inner bark readily separates from the wood and is formed into sacks by 

 the hill tribes. The trunk or branch is cut to the required length and then soaked in 

 ■water and beaten till the fibre separates from the wood. The fibre is then turned 

 inside out and a slice of wood cut off to form the bottom of the sack. I have seen a 

 coat and a pair of trousers made of the fibre, but as a curiosity, not for wear. 



18. ARTOCARPUS, Forst. 



Evergreen trees with milky juice. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, often 

 very large, entire, lobed or pinnatifid, penninerved. Flowers monoecious, 

 densely crowded on globose or oblong 1-sexual solitary usually axillary 

 receptacles, often mixed with scales which are often thickened or peltate 

 at the apex. Male tlowees : Perianth 2-4-lobed or -partite ; lobes 

 obtuse, valvate or slightly imbricate. Stamen 1, erect. Pistillode 0. 

 Female flowers : Perianths tubular, confluent below with the re- 

 ceptacle ; mouth minute. Ovai-y straight; ovule pendulous; style central 

 or lateral ; stigma entire (rarely 2-3-fid). Fruit a much enlarged fleshy 

 oblong cylindric or subglobose entire or lobed receptacle, clothed with the 

 greatly accrescent fleshy perianths and carpels (anthocarps) which have 

 hardened spinescent or truncate or pyramidal or flat apices. Seed pen- 

 dulous; testa membranous ; albumen ; embryo straight or incurved; 

 cotyledons fleshy, equal or unequal ; radicle short, superior. — Disteib. 

 Tropical Asia, Malaya, China, Pacific Islands ; species about 40. 



Fruit spinous (the tips of the anthocarps ending in a sharp spine) . 1. A. Jnrstita. 

 Fruit smooth (tips of the anthocarps truncate and flat) 2. A. Lakoocha. 



1. Artocarpus hirsuta. Lam. Encycl. Method, v. 3 (1789) p. 210. 

 A large evergreen tree attaining 200 ft. in height (Brandis); young 

 shoots, petioles, peduncles, stipules, midribs, and main nerves appressedly 

 ^ jpid with long tawny hairs. Leaves 6-9 by 4-6 in., broadly ovate or 

 ,liptic (rarely obovate), subacute, coriaceous, entire, smooth, and when 

 a'lulf glabrous except on the midrib and nerves beneath, slightly narrowed 



