CXXXTIIl. PALMiE. 809 



polished. 11. B. I. v. 6, p. 428 ; Grali. C:it. p. 224; Dalz. & Gibs. Suppl, 

 p. 94; Grife. Palm. Brit. E. Ind. (1850) p. 116; Trim. Fl. Ceyl. v. 4, 

 p. 328 ; Talb. Trees, Bomb. ed. 2, p. 343 ; Woodr. in Journ. Bomb. 

 Nat. V. 12 (1899) p. 526 ; Prain, Beng. PI. p. 1090 ; Brandis, Ind. Trees 

 (1906) p. 657; Watt, Diet. Econ. Prod. v. 2, p. 575.— Vbrn. Tali. 



Kanaka : moist forests of the Kumpta and Honavar talukas of N. Kanara, covering 

 extensive areas near the Gairsoppa and Yena rivers, also on the Yellapur Ghats; 

 sometimes planted in gardens near the coast, Talbot. — Distrib. India (Andamans, W. 

 Peninsula) ; Ceylon ; cultivated in Tropical India, Ceylon, and Birma. 



The Talipot Palm of Ceylon or the Fan-Palm of S. India, one of the largest and 

 most imposing of Eastern Palms. The young fruit pounded is used for stupefying fish 

 (Trimen). The leaves form mats, fans, and umbrellas (of which latter there is a 

 considerable trade from N. Kanara), and are used for writing on. A kind of bread is 

 made from the pounded soft interior of the trunk. The seeds known as Bajarhct 

 ( Talbot) have the hardness of ivory and are used for making beads and buttons and 

 imported into Europe for the latter purpose. 



The following nou-iudigenons palms, not belonging to any of the 

 foregoing genera, are grown as economic or ornamental plants in the 

 Presidency : — 



Areca Catechu, Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) p. 1189. A graceful slender- 

 stemmed palm ; trunk reaching nearly 100 ft. high, scarcely exceeding 

 1 ft. in diam., green in the upper part, annulate with raised rings which 

 are not quite horizontal but alternately inclined to opposite sides. 

 Leaves pinnate, 4-6 ft. long ; leaflets quite glabrous, 1-2 ft. long, with 

 one or several midribs, the upper leaflets confluent. Spadix androgynous, 

 from below the leaves, branched. Lowest spathe large, glabrous, pale 

 straw-colored, parallel-veined. Stamens 6. iruit l|-2 in. long, fleshy- 

 fibrous, orange or scarlet, supported by the persistent perianth, the 

 seeds in the upper part. 



The Siqxtri or Betel-nut Palm, the original country of which is 

 uncertain (said to be Cochinchina), cultivated but never wild throughout 

 the Presidency, very abundantly in the Sirsi and Siddapur talukas of N. 

 Kanara. The wood is used for a variety of purposes ; the sheaths of the 

 leaves are made into hats and also used for writing on. The principal 

 product of the tree, however, is the hard seed, which is chewed by the 

 natives with lime and the leaves of the Piper Betel. El. B. I. v. 6, p. 405 ; 

 Grab. Cat. p. 225 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Suppl. p. 95 ; Trim. El. Ceyl. v. 4, 

 p. 321 ; Talb. Trees, Bomb. ed. 2, p. 339 ; Woodr. in Journ. Bomb. 

 Nat. v. 12 (1899) p. 525; Brandis, Lid. Trees (1906) p. 646; Watt, 

 Diet. Econ. Prod. v. 1, p. 291. — Veen. Sujpdri. 



Actinorhytis calapparia, H. Wendl. & Drude, in Linnaea, v. 39 (1875) 

 p. 184. A tall palm with slender smooth grey annulate trunk 60 ft. 

 high by 1 ft. in diam., said to be indigenous in the islands of the Malay 

 Archipelago, planted in the Supdri (Areca) gardens of the Haiga 

 Brahmins throughout INT. Kanara, probably introduced at the same time 

 and along with the Supdri. Leaves pinnate, the blade 8 or 9 ft, long by 

 4| ft. broad, lanceolate in outline; leaflets lf-l| in. broad, linear, 

 acuminate, equall}^ 2- partite. Emit orange, pendulous, ovoid, of the size 

 of a large egg. Talb. Trees, Bomb. ed. 2, p. 340 {cap^paria) ; Woodr. in 



