CXXXIX. PANDANACE.T3. 815 



forward and partly backward. The ground-color of the leaves is 

 bright green with bauds of white extending from the base to the apex. 

 It is a plant of great beauty, growing well in sandy soil if abundantly 

 watered. Pandanus javanicus var. variegata, Hort. ex Nicholson, Diet. 

 Gard. v. 3, p. 17; Woodr. Gard. in Ind. ed. 5, p. 529. 



Pandanus labynntliicus, Kurz, in Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. v. 2 

 (1866) p. 53. A shrub 10-20 ft. high, a native of Sumatra ; stem bearing 

 a crown of leaves, branched, erecto-pateut, sending out intricate aerial 

 roots on every side. Leaves about 3 ft. long by 14 in. wide, very 

 acute, glaucescent beneath, spiny on the margins and the apex of the 

 keel. Emit scarlet when ripe, oblong-ellipsoid, reaching 4 in. long. 

 Bot. Mag. t. 7063 ; Nicholson, Diet. Gard. Suppl. p. 580. Pandanus 

 ceramicus, Woodr. Gard. in Ind. ed. 5, p. 530. 



Order CXL. TYPHACE^. 



Aquatic or palustrine perennial herbs. Leaves linear, erect or floating, 

 sheathing below ; nerves parallel. Flowers small, monoecious or, by 

 abortion, dioecious, small or minute, densely crowded in globose or 

 cylindric 1-sexual bracteate spikes the upper flowers of Mhich are 

 males ; bracteoles 0. Perianth of membranous, green scales or slender 

 hairs. Male flowers : Stamens 1-7 ; filaments free or connate ; 

 anthers basifixed, erect, cuneate or linear-oblong, dehiscing longitudinally ; 

 connective sometimes produced. Pistillode 0. Pemale flowers : 

 Ovary superioi', 1-2-celled, the cells 1-ovulate ; ovules pendulous from 

 the top of the cell ; styles free, short or long, persistent, laterally 

 papillosely stigmatic Fruit small, membranous or drupaceous. Seeds 

 pendulous ; albumen fleshy or floury ; embryo axile, cylindric, the 

 radical end thickened ; plumule in a lateral slit. — Distrib. Genera 2 ; 

 species about 15, cosmopolitan. 



1. TYPHA, Linn. 



Marsh herbs. Leaves erect, spongy. Flowers small, in very dense 

 superposed cylindric spikes, often intermixed with hairs with dilated 

 tips. Perianth of capillary hairs or in the male flowers obsolete. 

 Stamens 1 or more ; connective thickened at the tip. Ovary often 

 reduced to a clavate-tipped hair, long-stalked, narrowed into a capillary 

 style, with a clavate or filiform stigma. Fi'uit very minute ; pericarp 

 membranous, indehiscent or follicular. Seed with striate testa; albumen 

 floury. — Distrib. Temperate and tropical regions ; species about 10. 



1. Typha angustata, Bory Si- Chauh. Exp. Sci. Moree, Bot. v. 1 (1832) 

 p. 338. A robust plant ; stem 5-10 ft. high. Leaves exceeding the 

 flowering stem, |— 1 in. broad, semicylindric above the sheath. Spikes 

 cylindric, the male and female spikes often separated by a con- 

 siderable interval, the female spikes pale brown, ^-g in. in diam. 

 Female flowers mixed with clavate-tipped pistillodes ; bracteoles 

 subspathulate, equalling the linear stigmas, both longer than the hairs. 

 Pollen simple. According to Aitchison (Bot. Afghan Delim. Comm. 

 in Trans. Linn. Soc. N.S. v. 3 [1887] p. 120) the species sometimes 



