816 CXL, TTPHACEilC. 



bears male and female flowers ou different plants. Fl. B. I. v. 6, 

 p. 489 ; Bory & Cliaub. Nouv. Fl. Pelop. (1838) p. 4 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. 

 V. 5 (1881) p. 50; Aitch. in Trans. Linn. Soc. New Series, v. 3 (1887) 

 p. 120 ; Graebner, in Engl. Pflanzenreirb, v. 4, part 8 (1900) p. 14 ; 

 Woodr. in Journ. Bomb. Nat. v. 13 (1901) p. 427 ; Prain, Beng, PI. 

 p. 1102. Ty^^ha angttstifoUa, Sibtb. & Sm. Fl. Grtec. Prodr. v. 2 

 (1813) p. 226 (not of Linn.); Eoxb. Fl. Lid. v. 3 (1832) p. 567; 

 Watt, Diet. Econ. Prod. v. 6, part 4, p. 207. Typha elephantina, Grab. 

 Cat. p. 227 {not of Eoxb.). — Flowers : Aug. A'^Eiix. Pan-lcanis ; Pun ; 

 Jangli-hajri. 



Deccan: Gibson ex Graham ; Voo\\^,CooTce\,Woodrow. Sind: Stoclcs,fi\2,\ — DiSTRin. 

 More or less throughout India ; N. Asia, N. Africa. 



Mats, screens, &c. are made of the reed in Sind and a curious yellow caked 

 substance called Bur is made of the flowers and is much eaten by all classes of natives 

 in Sind (S(ocks). 



Typha ele2'>li(mtina, Eoxb. Fl. Lid. v. 3 (1832) p. 566, does not appear 

 to be indigenous in tbe Bombay Presidency. Woodrow (Journ. Bomb. 

 Nat. V. 13 [1901] p. 427) says tbat it is planted in Bombay, no doubt 

 as an ornamental plant. The leaves are broad, trigonous above the 

 sheath, and the pollen is 4-globate. Graebner, in Engl. Pflanzenreich, 

 V. 4, part 8 (1900) p. 11. 



Ohdeb CXLI. ARACE.fl3. 



Herbs usually glabrous (rarely armed), with watery, acrid, or milky 

 juice, stemless or with a short stock or corm or tuber ; or shrubs with 

 sympodial branches, climbing by aerial roots. Leaves in shrubby 

 species alternate, distichous or spiral ; in herbaceous species few, 

 clustered or solitary, radical sometimes appearing without or after tbe 

 flowers; petiole with a sheathing base; blade entire or lobed or pinnate 

 or perforate, often with cataphyllaries at the base of the leaf-sheaths. 

 Flowers 1-sexual or hermaphrodite, sessile on a spadix which is more or 

 less completely enclosed in a green or colored spathe; when 1-sexual, 

 usually monoecious (rarely dioecious) with males towards the apex and 

 females at the base of the spadix, often with neuters between them 

 and .sometimes with neuters above the males. Perianth 0, or of 

 a few scales (rarely cupular or urceolate). Stamens in hermaphrodite 

 flowers 4-8, in male flowers 1 or more, distinct or confluent; anthers 

 2-4-celled, free or (in confluent stamens) connate by means of the 

 thickened connective, the cells discrete or contiguous, free or buried in 

 the connective and opening 1)y a terminal pore (rarely by a longitudinal 

 slit) ; pollen globose or ellipsoid, powdery or conglomerate. Ovary 

 sessile, 1-3-celled ; ovules in each cell 1 or more, basilar, apical, axile 

 or parietal ; style short or long ; stigma discoid or lobed. Fruit of 

 many small free or connate berries or drupes adnate to the s])adix. 

 Seeds in each drupe or berry 1 or few (rarely many), small or large, 

 usually embedded in a mucilaginous pulp ; albumen copious or ; 

 embryo axile or in exalbuiuinous genera thick, with the plinnule in a 

 lateral slit. — Djstkib. Genera about 100; species about 1000, chiefly 

 tropical. 



