8o THE STORY OF PLANT LIFE 



Avens, Golden Saxifrage, Sanicle, Valerian, Butter- 

 bur, Wood Loosestrife, Marsh Forget-me-not, 

 Knotted Figwort, Archangel, Dog's Mercury, Blue- 

 bell, Woodrush, Millet Grass, etc. The drier woods 

 are characterised by Wood Violet, Milkwort, Three- 

 nerved Sandwort, Heath Bedstraw, Woodsage. In 

 more open places grow Dwarf Furze, Heath Bed- 

 straw, Ling, Cow-wheat, Woodsage, Woodrush, 

 Hard Fern, etc. 



Siliceous grassland is characterised by the pre- 

 dominance of Mat Grass, with Silvery Hair Grass, or 

 Purple Moor Grass, each forming a distinct type of 

 pasture. 



In the former other common plants are bracken, 

 Bent Grass, Sheep's Fescue, Common Rush, etc., 

 with Ling, Heaths, Cowberry. In the latter Lesser 

 Spearwort, Cross-leaved Heath, Cowberry, Rushes, 

 Cotton Grass, Purple Moor Grass, and Mat Grass 

 occur with others (see Fig. i6). 



The older limestone woods are characterised by 

 the Ash, with Wych Elm, Hawthorn, Juniper, 

 Yew, Willows, Aspen, Beech, Hazel, Alder, Birch, 

 and in the scrub Limes, Spindle Wood, Black- 

 thorn, Cornel, Wayfaring Tree, Privet, and Spurge 

 Laurel. 



In the ground flora in marshy places are included 

 Meadow Sweet, Hairy Willow Herb, Valerian, 

 Butterbur, Mints, Marsh Forget-me-not ; on wet 

 soils Wood Anemone, Pilewort, Red Campion, Wild 

 Strawberry, Woodruff, Marsh Thistle, Archangel, 



