82 THE STORY OF PLANT LIFE 



terised by the predominance of the beech, with White 

 Beam, Ash, Bird Cherry, Yew, Dog's Mercury, 

 Sanicle, Wood Violet, Wild Strawberry, Enchanter's 

 Nightshade, Hairy Violet, Orchids such as the Helle- 

 borines, and Bird's Nest Orchid, Bird's Nest, Bears- 

 foot, Deadly Nightshade, Spurge Laurel, Butcher's 

 Broom. Sometimes the Ash is dominant. In other 

 cases woods are formed by the Yew or the Box. 



A scrub association is formed with Hawthorn and 

 Sloe, and Clematis, Holly, Spindle Wood, Buck- 

 thorn, Field Maple, Sloe, Dewberry, Sweetbriar, 

 Roses, Cornel, Elder, Guelder Rose, White Bryony, 

 Privet, Spurge Laurel, Hazel, Juniper, Butcher's 

 Broom, Dog's Mercury, and many Orchids. 



The chalk grassland is characterised by the abun- 

 dance of Sheep's Fescue, with Erect Brome Grass, 

 Yellow Oat Grass, Sylvan Brome Grass, Rockrose, 

 Salad Burnet, Squinancy Wort, and where the soil 

 is sandy Ling and Tormentil occur. 



On chalk pasture Dyer's Weed, Base Rocket, 

 Hairy Violet, Milkwort, Bladder Campion, Purging 

 Flax, Sainfoin, Salad Burnet, Dropwort, Squinancy 

 Wort, Scabiosa Columbaria, Cudweed, Carline Thistle, 

 Musk Thistle, Greater Knapweed, Bristly Ox-tongue, 

 Spiked Rampion, Yellow Wort, Toadflax, Mullein, 

 Basil Thyme, Wood Basil, Calamint, Ladies' Tresses, 

 Pyramidal Orchis, Man Orchis, Musk Orchis, Bee 

 Orchis, Fragrant Orchis, Glaucous Sedge, Timothy 

 Grass are common. 



On marls and calcareous sandstones the woodland is 



