INTRODUCTION 85 



Sedge, Bottle Sedge, Sweet Reed Grass, Tussock 

 Grass, Water Grass, Rough Meadow Grass, Manna 

 Grass, etc. 



In the Broads there is a/e;^ association with a flora 

 which grows on peat soil, and, where there is alkaline 

 ground water, akin to the marsh formation. 



The dominant plants are Reed, Prickly Twig Rush, 

 J uncus ohtusiflorus, Purple Moor Grass, Sedges, Cotton- 

 grass, Berry-bearing Alder, Sweet Gale, Privet, Bog 

 Orchis, Sundew, Winter Green, or Manna Grass, 

 Sweet Reed Grass, Rough Meadow Grass, with 

 Ragged Robin, Meadow Sweet, Marsh Bedstraw, 

 Valerian, Scorpion Grass, Privet, Meadow Rue, etc. 

 With these generally occur such plants as Marsh 

 Marigold, Ragged Robin, Meadow Sweet, Angelica, 

 Water Dropwort, Marsh Cinquefoil, Purple Loose- 

 strife, Marsh Bedstraw, Bog Bedstraw, Valerian, 

 Yellow Loosestrife, Scorpion Grass, Marsh Helle- 

 borine, Orchis incarnata, Prickly Twig Rush, Purple 

 Moor Grass, Reed, Wood Reed Grass, various 

 Sedges, etc. 



Bog Mosses occur and contribute to form peat. 

 Moors tend to form in such cases. A carr occurs 

 where trees occupy the fens. Fen carr is charac- 

 terised by trees growing in the fen, and the trees 

 are of later origin. Swamp carr occurs where the 

 trees are marginal. Carr ultimately developed from 

 both is called Ultimate carr. 



In some cases grass fen is formed with pastures 

 either made up of Rough Meadow Grass, or of reeds, 



