GAMOPETAL^ 131 



The flowers are conspicuous and large, the veins 

 serving as honey-guides. Honey is secreted at the 

 base of the ovary. At first the stigma is above the 

 stamens, but with the lengthening of the tube they 

 are later on a level, and ripen simultaneously, so that 

 in the absence of insect visitors self-pollination can 

 occur. The flower is adapted to humble bees. Some 

 terminal flowers are cleistogamic. 



The calyx is persistent, and the seeds are jerked 

 out of the fruit by the wind. 



According to the * Dictionary of Plant Names ' 

 the names Belene, Brosewort, Chenile, Hen-bell, 

 Henkam, Loaves-of-bread, Stinking Roger have been 

 applied to the plant. The plant, with opium and 

 other plants, formed the drug Dwale, which was used 

 formerly as an opiate. It is still used as a narcotic. 



Hyoscyamus NIGER. — Fig. 34 shows the broad, 

 sinuate stem-leaves, and the two-ranked flowers, with 

 veined hetals. 



Black Bittersweet [Solanmn nigrum). 



Whilst the common Woody Nightshade is a climb- 

 ing plant, this species is erect in habit. The flowers 

 of the latter are white or cream colour, those of the 

 former violet, each, however, having the conspicuous 

 yellow centre formed by the cone of anthers. 



In the British Isles the Black Bittersweet or 

 Solanum is found in all parts, but nowhere abundantly. 

 In Scotland and Ireland, where it is local, it is 



