APETAL^ ' 247 



less, free, or rarely adhering to the perianth, one- to 

 two-celled, with a single ovule. There is a single 

 style or two, or it may be absent. The stigma is pin- 

 headed, or there are two styles, papillose. The ovules 

 are solitary in the cells, erect, orthotropous, or 

 pendulous and anatropous. The fruit is small, one- 

 seeded, indehiscent or rarely succulent. The seed is 

 erect or pendulous, with fleshy or no endosperm. 



The flowers are pollinated by the wind, having 

 abundant pollen and long stigmas. They are 

 unisexual. The fruit may be wind-dispersed, as in 

 Elms, or fall near the plant. 



Important economic types are Hemp, the Elms, 

 and the Fig and Mulberry. 



Hop (Humulus Lupulus). 



The Hop is well-known from its use in brewing. 

 The first Latin name refers to its traihng habit, the 

 plant without support growing on the ground [humus). 

 Lupulus is from Lupus, wolf. Pliny calls the plant 

 Lupus salicarius or Willow Wolf, perhaps from its 

 clinging to willows. It was an officinal name. 



General in England, where it is native in the south, 

 the Hop grows in Scotland, but is naturalised north 

 of Renfrew and Elgin, and in Ireland. It is also 

 native in the Channel Islands. In the Highlands it 

 ascends to 1000 ft. 



The habitat is hedges, copses, thickets, open woods 

 and roadsides. The Hop also grows on silty soil in 

 the marsh formation. 



