BLACK OR DARK PURPLE 173 



the other, which looks as if a piece of it had 

 been cut off obliquely. The apex is pointed. 

 The margin is toothed except at the base. 

 Autumnal coloring is yellow. 



This tree is similar to an elm in appearance. 

 Its fruit is much appreciated by the winter birds. 

 The trees which I have seen have been much 

 disfigured by numerous insect galls upon the 

 leaves. Its range is in woods and along river 

 banks, in New England southward and west to 

 Minnesota. 



RED MULBERRY 

 Morus rubra Mulberry Family 



Fruit. — The fruit seems at first glance to 

 resemble a Blackberry in structure. It differs, 

 however, in being the product of a spike of 

 several flowers instead of the development of 

 several carpels of the same flower. Each sepa- 

 rate fruit consists of an achene or nut sur- 

 rounded by the calyx lobes which have become 

 juicy. Each achene bears at the summit the 

 tips of the two styles. Only one of the two 

 ovaries of the flower develops. The multiple or 

 collective fruit formed by the crowding together 



