290 now TO KNOW WILD FRUITS 



sion suggested by its name for the pollen of the 

 flower which it covers. The shape of the flower 

 itself is evidently protective in a similar way. 

 The manner in which the leaf forces its way 

 through the ground is interesting. The lobes 

 of the underground leaf are folded close to the 

 stem, in closed umbrella fashion. At the point 

 corresponding to the tip of the umbrella, the leaf 

 cells are white and toughened, forming a hard 

 knob. This, as the stem grows, bores its way 

 through the earth to the surface. Above ground 

 the group of cells softens, but remains as a white 

 spot on the leaf. It grows in low woods, and is 

 more prevalent in the Middle States than in 

 New England. 



DWARF THORN 



Crataegus uniflora. Crataegus parvifolia Apple Family 



Fruit. — The yellowish pome is globular or 

 pear-shaped. It is usually solitary and borne 

 on a short peduncle. The glandular, deeply cut 

 calyx lobes are persistent. 



Leaves. — The thick leaves are inversely egg- 

 shaped. They are nearly stemless, and the 



