THE FLORAL ENVELOPS, OR PERIANTH. 



310 311 



95 



809, Ribes nureum (Missouri Currant) ; stamens and petals peri<r. ; Ovary inferior. 310, Saxt- 

 fraga Virginiensis ; half superior. 311, Fuchsia gracilis (Ear-drop); inferior; stamens epipc- 

 talouB. 



467. In the cases above cited, it is commonly taught that the receptacle is lo- 

 cated at the base of the ovary, and that all the organs thence arising are adherent 

 to its sides. Another doctrine is also taught, viz., that the receptacle itself may be 

 elevated and become perigynous or epigynous, or, in other words, the ovary may bo 

 imbedded in the foot-stalk. That it is so in the rose (289) we can hardly doubt. 

 The so-called calyx-tube of the cherry, peach, is certainly an analogous structure, 

 more expanded, and so is the more contracted " calyx tube" of the apple, pome- 

 granate. The analogy extends throughout the Roseworts, and perhaps still farther. 



468. Calyx half-superior. Calyx superior or free, ovary inferior 

 or free, are all phrases of the same import as calyx hypogynous. Be- 

 tween the two conditions, calyx superior and calyx inferior, there are 

 numerous gradations, of which one only is defined, to wit, calyx half- 

 superior, as exemplified in the mock orange (and 310.) 



469. Special forms op the perianth, whether calyx, corolla, or both, have 

 been named and described. We may arrange them thus : — 



Polypetalous, regular — Cruciform, rosaceous, caryophyllaceous, liliaceous. Ir- 

 regular — papilionaceous, orchidaceous. 



Moxopetalous, regular mostly — rotate, cup-shaped, campanulate, urceolate, fun- 

 nel-form, salver-form, tubular. Irregular — ligulate, labiate. 



470. Cruciform (crux, a cross) or cross-shaped, implies that four 

 long clawed, spreading petals stand at right angles to each other, as in 

 the flowers of the mustard family (Cruciferse) in general. 



471. Rosaceous, rose-like ; a flower with five short-clawed, spread- 

 ing petals. 



472. Caryophyllaceous, pink-like ; a five-petaled corolla, with long, 

 erect claws and spreading laminae. 



463. Liliaceous, like the lily ; a flower with a six-leaved perianth, 

 each leaf gradually spreading so as to resemble, as a whole, the funnel- 

 form. 



