100 



THE STAMENS, OR ANDR02CTUM. 



Andrcecium (and gyncecium) of Frankenia (after Peyer). 837, Stamen (adnatc) of morning- 

 glory. 338, Samo enlarged, with pollen grains discharged ; /, filament ; a, a, anther, 2-lobed ; c, 

 top of the connectile. 339, Ranunculus. 340, Same, cut transversely. 341, Iris cut transversely 

 (extrorse). 3-12, Amaryllis, versatile. S48, Larkspur, innate. 844, Same, cut. 



493. The filament (Jilum, a thread) is the stalk supporting the 

 anther at or near its top. It is ordinarily slender and filiform, yet 

 firmly sustaining itself with the anther in position. Sometimes it is 

 capillary and pendulous with its weight, as in the Grasses. 



494. The anther is regularly an ohlong body at the summit of the 

 filament, composed of two hollow parallel lobes joined to each other and 

 to the filament by the connectile. In front of the connectile, looking 

 toward the pistil, there is usually a furrow ; on its back a ridge, and on 

 the face of each lobe a seam, the usual place of dehiscence or opening, 

 all running parallel with the filament and connectile. 



Tho stamen, as thus described, may be considered regular or typical in form, and 

 is well exemplified in that of tho buttercup (Fig. 339). But the variations of struc- 

 ture are as remarkable here as in other organs, depending on circumstances like tho 

 following — 



495. Attachment of filament to anther. This may occur in three ways. 

 Tho anther is said to be innate when it stands centrally erect on the top of the fila- 

 ment, adnaie when it seems attached to one side of the filament, versatile when 

 connected by a single point in the back to the top of the filament. 



496. Dehiscence, or the modes of opening, are also three, viz., valvular, where 

 the seam opens vertically its whole length, which is the usual way ; porous where 

 tho cells open by a chink or poro usually at tho top, as in Rhododendron and po- 

 tato ; opercular when by a lid opening upward, as in sassafras, berberis. (346.) 



497. The facing of the anther is also an important character. It is introrse 

 when tho lines of dehiscence look toward the pistil, as in violet ; extrorse when 

 they look outward toward tho corolla, as in Iris. 



498. The connectile is usually a mere prolongation of the filament, terminating, 

 not at the base, but at the top of the anther. If it fall short, the anther will be 

 emarginale. Sometimes it outruns tho anther and tips it with a terminal append- 

 age of some sort, as in violet, oleander, Paris. Again, its base may be dilated into 

 opurs, as in two of the stamens of violet. 



499. Dimidiate anther. If the connectile be laterally dilated, as we see gra- 

 dually done in the various species of tho Labiate Order, the lobes of the anther 

 will be separated, forming two dimidiate anthers (halved anthers) on one filament, 

 as in sage, Prunella. Such are, of course, 1 -celled, (351.) I i qov O* 



