Order 2.— MAGNOLIACEyE. 213 



4 P. Moutan L. Chinese Tree PjEONY. St. shrubby; lfts. oblong-ovate 

 glaucous and souiewhat hairy beneath, terminal 1 — 3-lobed ; ova. 5, distinct, sur- 

 rounded by the very large disk. — From China. The woody stem branches into a 

 bush 3 — If high. Lvs. large, on long stalks. Fls. very large, always double 

 in cultivation, fragrant and truly splendid. This plant is remarkable for produc- 

 ing the largest form of disk in the vegetablo kingdom. 



5 P. papaveritcea L. St. shrubby; lfts. oblong-ovate, glaucous and slightly 

 hairv beneath, terminal onelobed; ova. about 5, closely united into a globous Lead. — 

 From Chiaa. Resembles the last in foliage, but is remarkably distinguished from 

 all the other species by its united carpels. Flowers white, with a purple centre, 

 often single in cultivation. Other species and varieties aro cultivated, rarely in 

 this country, amounting to about 150 in all. 



Order II. MAGNOLIACEiE. Mag noli ads. 



Trees or shrubs with alternate, coriaceous, simple, entire or lobed (never toothed) 

 leaves. Leaf buds sheathed with membranous stipules which soon fall oft*. Fls. 

 large, polypetalous, polyandrous, polygamous, hypogynous, perfect. Calyx and 

 corolla imbricated in bud, colored alike, in 3 or more 3-merous circles. Ovaries 

 several or many, compactly covering tho elongated torus. Fruit of numerous dry 

 or fleshy carpels, aggregated into a sort of cone. Seeds 1 or 2 in each carpel, with 

 a minute embryo in fleshy albumen. (See Figs. 68, 72, 131.) 



An order of 12 genera and 0s specie-% including some of the most splendid of flowering trees 

 Hid shrubs. Most of them belong to the Southern States, some to the Western, and a lew to 

 Japan, China and India. 



Properties. — The bark is aromatic, containing an intensely hitter principle, which is tonio 

 and stimulating. Tho flowers are fragrant and aromatic in a high degree. 



TRIBES AND GENERA. 



Tribe ILLICIEiE. Carpels arranged into a single circle Illicium. 1 



Tribe MAGNOLtE^E. Carpels imbricated into a cone-like fruit.* 



* Anthers opening inwards. Lvs. folded lengthwise in bud Magnolia. 9 



* Anthers opening outwards. Lvs. folded crosswise in bud Liriodendron. 3 



1. ILLfCIUM, L. Star Anise. Sepals 3— G, colored ; petals G— 30 ; 

 carpels capsular, dry, arranged circularly, dehiscent on the upper side, 

 each with one smooth shining seed. — Shrubs with very smooth, ever- 

 green leaves ; exhaling, when bruised, the odor of Anise. 



1 I. floridiinuni Ellis. Petals 21 — 30, purple; lvs. acuminate. — Swamps, Fla. 

 to La. Shrub 4 — Sf high. Lvs. on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, slightly 

 acuminate, entire, smooth, thick, 3 — 6' by 1 — 2'. Fls. about ljjj' broad, on 

 slender, nodding pedicles. Cal. deciduous. Petals purplish crimson, liuea^ 

 obtuse, in 3 whorls. Sta. 30 or more. Ova. about 12 in one regular circle, 

 with short, recurved styles. Seed polished, as large as that of the apple. May. 



2 I. parviflora Mx. Petals G — 12, yellowish; lvs. oblong, obtusish. — River 

 banks, Fla. and G-a. Shrub 6 — lOf high. Lvs. thick and leathery, entire, on 

 short petioles. Fls. smaller than in the last, nodding, dull yellow. Petals ovate 

 or roundish, concave. May. The bark and leaves of these plants are strongly 

 aromatic and spicy, in their properties, much resembling Anise. The root of tho 

 latter has the properties of Sassafras. 



2. MAGNOLIA, L. (Named for Prof. Magnol, a French botanist 

 of tho 17th century.) Sepals 3; petals G — 9; anthers longer than 

 the filaments, opening inwards; carpels 2-valved, 1 — 2-seecled, aggre- 

 gated into a hard, cone-like fruit; seeds berry-like, and suspended from 

 the opening carpels by a long funiculus. — Trees and shrubs with large, 

 fragrant flowers. Lvs. conduplicate in the bud, embracing and em- 

 braced by the sheathing stipules. 



