216 Order 5. — MENISPERMACE^E. — Menispermads, 



4 A. pygmEea Dunal. Dwarf Papaw. Lvs. coriaceous, evergreen, linear- 

 lanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, or lin.-oblong or spatulate, etc., glabrous; pet. 

 reddish-brown, obovate-oblong. — Shrub G — 12' high, sandy plains, Ga., and Fla. 

 Lvs. very variable in form, 3 — 6' long, usually very narrow, often obovate or 

 elliptical. Pet. about 1' in length. Carp, ripening about 3, 1 long in fruit, 

 erect. Apr. 



Order IV. SCHIZANDRACEyE. 



Scrambling shrubs with alternate, simple, exstipulate, punctate leaves ; with Fls. 

 diclinous, axillary, small, hypogynous and polygynous ; with Cal. and cor. 3-merous, 

 in two or several rows, imbricated; with Slam, few or many, on very short filaments, 

 condensed on a roundish toru?. Ova. few or coherent, becoming baccate, 1 — 2-seeded 

 in fruit. Seeds suspended; embryo minute, in solid albumen. 



Genera 0, species 12, belonging to India, Japan, and the United States. 



SCHIZANDRA Mx. (Gr. o%ityi, to cut, dvdpa, stamens ; the stam- 

 ens are cleft.) 8 Sepals and petals 9 — 12, similar, roundish, concave; 

 stamens 5, anthers connate ; carpels at first aggregated in a roundish 

 head, becoming in fruit scattered on the elongating, filiform torus. — A 

 trailing shrub with entire or repandly denticulate leaves, and small 

 crimson flowers. 

 S. ooccinea Mx. A handsome plant in damp woods, S. Car., Ga,, to La, St. 10 



or 12f long. Lvs. alternate, ovate or oval, tapering at each end or somewhat 



cordate at base. Fls. axillary, solitary, on slender stalks, the upper ones stami- 



nato. Carp, and torus red when mature. May, Jn. 



Order V. MENISPERMACEJ3. Menispermads. 

 Shrubs climbing or twining, with alternate, palmate-veined, exstipulate leaves. 

 Fls. dioecious, rarely $* or 2 $ J. hypogynous, 3 — 6-gynous. Sepals and petals simi- 

 lar, in 3 or more circles, imbricated in the bud. Siam. equal in number to the petals 

 and opposite to them, or 3 or 4 times as many. Fruit a 1-seeded drupe with a large 

 or long curved embryo in scanty albumen. (Illust. in Fig. 147.) 



This curious order consists of 44 genera and 302 species, most of them natives of tropical Asia 

 and America, where they become, in the forests, woody climbers of great size. 



Properties. — A few plants of this order contain a bitter principle in I heir roots. A foreign 

 gpecies of Menispermum yields the eolwrribo of the shops, which is a valuable, tonic; another 

 genus, Anamirta cocculus of India, furnishes the Indian cockle, so intoxicating to fishes. 



GENERA. 



t Stamens 12 — 20, scp. 4 — S, nut moon-shaped. Lvs, peltate Mr.xisrEKMUM. 1 



£ Stamens G ; sepals C ; nut moon-shaped. Lvs. sinuate, 3-lobed COCCULITS. 9 



t Stamens 6 ; sepals G ; nut cup-shaped. Lvs. deeply 5-lobed Calvcocarpum. 8 



1. MENISPERMUM, L. Moon-seed. (Gr.^vrj, the moon ; errata, 

 seed ; from the crescent form of the seed.) Fls. 9 £ ; sepals 4 — 8 ; 

 petals 4 — 8, minute, refuse ; £ stamens 12 — 20, as long as the sepals, 

 anthers 4-celled ; 9 ovaries and styles 2 — 4 ; drupes 1 — 3-seeded ; 

 seeds lunate and compressed. — Fls. white, in axillary clusters. 



M. Canadense L. St. climbing; lvs. roundish, cordate, angular, peltate, the 

 petiole inserted near the base ; rac. compound ; petals, 6 — 7, small. — In woods 

 and hedges near streams. Can. to Car. W. to the Miss. Sts. round, stiiate, 

 8 — 12f long. Lvs. 4 — 5' diam., generally 5-angled, smooth, pale beneath, on 

 petioles 3 — 5' long. Fls. in axillary clusters, small, yellow. Drupes about 4" 

 diam., black, resembling grapes. The root is perennial, aud in medicine has the 

 properties of a tonic. Jl. 



/?. lobatum, has the leaves lobed. 



