218 Order 6.— BERBERIDACE^E. 



at base into the petiole, and remarkably distinguished by their bristly serratures. 

 Fls. yellow, a dozen or more in each hanging cluster. Sta. irritable, springing 

 violently against the stigma when touched. Berries scarlet, very acid, forming 

 an agreeable jelly when boiled with sugar. Tho bark of tho root dyes yellow. 

 Jn. §? Eur. 



/3 Canadensis Willd. Rac. few (G — 8)-fiowered; berries oval. — Can. (Pursh)to 

 Va. and Ga.. along the Alleghanies. Apparently a reduced form of a, with 

 narrower leaves and smaller flowers and clusters. (B. Canadensis Ph.) 



2 B. Aqtiifolium Ph. Lvs. pinnate, lfts. 3 — 6 pairs, leathery, with spinulose 

 teeth ; fil. with 2 slender teeth. — In woods, Oregon (Rev. G. Atkinson), now often 

 cultivated. A firm bushy shrub, 3— 5f high, with shining, dark green leaflets, 

 resembling tho leaves of the holly. Fls. yellow, in short, upright clusters, opening 

 early, f (Mahonia Nutt.) 



2. CAULOPHYLLUM, Mx. Cohosh. (Gr. KavXbg, stem ; xpvXXov, 

 leaf; the stem appearing as the stalk of the compound leaf.) Calyx 

 of G green sepals 3-bractcd at base ; corolla of 6 short, gland-like 

 thickened petals, opposite the sepals ; stamens 6 ; ovary 2-ovuled, 

 becoming a thin pericarp, which soon breaks away after flowering, and 

 the 2 round drupe-like seeds ripen naked. — 2+ Glabrous and glaucous, 

 arising from a knotted rhizome. Lvs. compound. 



C. thalictroides Mx. Poppoose Root. A curious plant in woods, Can. to Car. 

 and Ky. Plant glaucous, purple when young. St. 1— 2Jf high, round, dividing 

 above "into 2 parts, one of which is a short common petiole of a triternate leaf, tha 

 other bears a 2-ternate leaf and a racemous panicle of greenish flowers. Lfts. 

 paler beneath, 2 — 3' long, lobed like those of the Thalictrum or Aquilegia. Seeds 

 2 (mostly 1 by abortion), naked after having burst tho caducous, thin, pericarp, 

 deep blue, resembling berries on thick stipes. May. (Leontice, L.) 



3. DIPHYLLEIA, Mx. Umbrella-leaf. (Gr. dig, twice ; i/>vAaov, 

 leaf.) Calyx of 5 sepals, caducous; cor. of 6 oval petals larger than 

 the sepals ; stamens G ; ovary eccentric ; stigma subsessile ; berry few- 

 ceeded, seeds attached laterally below the middle. — U Glabrous, arising 

 from a thick, horizontal root-stock. Lvs. simple, peltate. 



D. cymosa Mx. Along streams or Mts., Va. to Ga., and Tenn. Stems 1 — 2f 

 high, stout, some of them bearing a single largo (1 — 2f broad) orbicular, cub* 

 lobed, centrally peltate leaf; others with two alternate, smaller, roundish rent- 

 form loaves, which are peltate near the base, deeply 2-lobed, the lobes cleft, and 

 a terminal cyme of white flowers in June. 



4. JEFFERSONIA, Bart. Twin-leaf. (In honor of President Jeffer- 

 son, a patron of science.) Sepals 4, colored, deciduous ; petals 8, 

 spreading, incurved; stamens 8, with linear anthers; stigma peltate; 

 capsule obovate, stipitate, opening by a circumscissilc dehiscence. 

 Rhizome thick, blackish, with a mass of matted fibers. Scape simple, 

 1-flowercd. Lvs. 2-parted or binate.. (Figs. 168, 253, 304, 444.) 



J. diphylla Barton. A singular plant 8—14' high, Middlo and Western States, 



5. to Ga. Rhizome horizontal. Each petiole bears at the top a pair of binate, 

 obliquely ovate leaflets, which are placed base to base, and broader than long, 

 ending in an obtuse point, glaucous beneath. Scape as long as the petioles. Fls. 

 large,°regular, white. Tho capsule opens only half round, and has, therefore, a 

 persistent lid. Apr. This plant has, in Ohio, the reputation of a stimulant, and 

 anti-spasmodic, and i3 there significantly termed rheumatism root. 



5. PODOPHYLLUM, L. May Apple. (Gr. -rrovg, Trodbg, a foot, 

 tyvXXov, a leaf ; alluding to tbc long, firm petioles.) Sepals 3, oval, 



