240 Order 14.— CAPPARIDACE^E. 



30. RAPHANUS, L. Radish. (Gr. pa, quickly, ipaivd), to appear; 

 from its rapid growth.) Calyx erect ; petals obovate, unguiculate ; 

 siliques terete, torulous, not opening by valves, transversely 2-jointed, 

 joiuts with one or several cells, seeds large, subglobous, in a single 

 series (0»). 



1 R. Raphanistrum L. "Wild Radish. Lvs. lyrate ; silique moniliform, 

 3—8-seeded, becoming in maturity 1 -celled, longer than the style.. — (T) Naturalized 

 in cultivated fields and roadsides, but rare. St. glaucous, branching, 1 — 2f high, 

 bristly. Lvs. rough, dentate, petiolato or sessile. Cal. bristly. Petals yellow, 

 veiny, blanching as they decay. Jn., Jl. § Eur. 



2 R. sativa L. Garden Radish. Lower lvs. lyrate, petiolate; silique 

 2 — 3-seeded, acuminate, scarcely longer than the style. — A well known s-alad root 

 from China. St. 2 — if high, very branching. Lower lvs. 6 — 10' long. Fls. 

 white, or tinged with purple, veiny. Pods 1 — 2' long, thick and fleshy. The 

 principal varieties are the Turnip Radish, root subglobous ; Common Radish, root 

 oblong, terete ; Black Spanish Radish, root black outside. Jn. — Aug. % 



Order XIV. CAPPARIDACE^E. Capparids. 



Herbs, shrubs, or even trees, destitute of true stipules. Leaves alternate, petiolate, 



either undivided or palmately compound. Fls. solitary or racemous, cruciform, hy- 



pogynous. Sep. 4, Pet. 4, unguiculate. Sta. 6 — 12, or some multiple of 4, never 



tetradynamous, on a disk or separated from the corolia by an internode of the torus. 



Ova. often stipitate, of 2 united carpels. Sty. united into one. Stig. discoid. Fr. 



either pod-shaped and dehiscent, or fleshy and indehiscent. Placenta, usually 2. 



Seeds many, reniform. Albumen 0. Embryo curved. Cotyledon foliaceous. (Must. 



in Fig. 290.) 



Genera 28, species 340 — chiefly tropical plants. They are more acrid in their properties than 

 the (Jrucifers, but otherwise much resemble them. One species of Polanisia is used as a ver- 

 mifuge. 



Stamens 6, separated from the petals by an internode No. 1 



Stamens 6, not separated from the petals No. 2 



Stamens 8—32. Torus not developed No. 3 



1. GYNANDR0P5IS, DC. (Gynandria, a Linnsean class, oipi$ ap- 

 pearance.) Sepals distinct, spreading; stamens 6, separated from the 

 4 petals by a slender internode of the torus ; pod linear-oblong, raised 

 on a long stipe which rises from the top of the torus. — ® Lvs. digitate. 

 Fls. racemed. 



G. pentaphylla DC. Middle lvs. petiolate, 5-foliate, floral and lower ones 

 3-foliate, lfts. obovate, entire or denticulate. — In cultivated grounds, Penn. to Ga. 

 St. simple, 2 — 3f high. Fls. of a very singular structure. Pedicels about 1' 

 long, slender. Calyx small. Petals white, % as long as their filiform claws. 

 Sta. 1' long, spreading, apparently arising from the midst of the long styloid 

 torus. Peds. 2' long. § Africa. (Cleome L.) 



2. CLEOME, L. Spider Flower. Sepals sometimes united at base ; 

 petals 4 ; torus not developed between the petals and the stamens, 

 which are 6 — 4 ; pod stipitate more or less. — Herbs or shrubs. Lvs. 

 simple or digitate. Fls. racemed or solitary. 



1 C. pungens L. Fig. 290. Glandular pubescent; st. simple, and with the 

 petioles aculeate ; lvs. 5— 9-foliate, on long petioles, lfts. elliptic-laDceolate, acute 

 at each end, obscurely denticulate ; bracts simple ; fls. racemed ; sep. distinct ; 

 pet. ©n filiform claws; sta. 6, twice longer than the petals.— D A tall, showy 



