Order 16.— VIOLACELE. 243 



very obtuse. — Grows on woody bills aud mountains, Mass., N. Y., Can., rare. A 

 small, stemless violet 2' high, with small, pale blue fls. conspicuously spurred. 

 Lvs. rather numerous and longer than the peduncles. Petals beardless, the upper 

 one striate wilh deep blue. May. 



7 V. pedata L. Rt. premorse; lvs. pedatebj 5 — ^-parted, segments linear-lance- 

 olate, entire; stig. large, obtusely truncate, scarcely beaked; spur short, obtuse. — 

 A smooth, beautiful, large-fiowered violet, in hilly woods, Can. to 111. and Fla, 

 Rhizomo fleshy, ending abruptly as if cut or bitten off. Lvs. thick, 2-ternately 

 divided into about 7 obtuse, narrow segments. Petioles with long, ciliate stipules 

 at base. Ped. sub-4-augled, much longer than the leaves. Petals pale blue, 

 white at base, all of them beardless and entire. Apr., May. 



p. The two upper petals deep violet colored, the others light-blue with much 

 yellow at their bases, as in the garden pansey. Plants smaller, with large 

 flowers. — In Mt. Hope Cemetery, Macou, Ga. 



8 V. delphinifolia Nutt. Lvs. pedately 7 — d-parted, wilh linear, 2 — 3-cleft seg- 

 ments all similar ; stig. thick, distinctly beaked. — Prairies and bottoms, 111., Iowa, 

 Mo. Lvs. often finely divided with many dissected segments, pubescent along 

 the edge, prominently veined beneath. Stip. acuminate, subentire. Ped. a little 

 longer than the leaves. Fls. rather smaller than in the last, of a rich blue ; lateral 

 petals boarded. Mar., Apr. 



9 V. cucnllata Ait. Lvs. reniform-cordate, cucuUate at base, acute, crenate ; stip. 

 linear; inferior and lateral petals bearded — This is one of the more common 

 kinds of violet, found in low, grassy woods from Arctic Am. to Fla. Lvs. on long 

 petioles, usually rolled at base into a hooded form. Fls. light blue or purple, with 

 scapes somewhat 4-sided, longer than the leaves. Petals twisted, white at tho 

 base, marked with lines of deeper blue. Apr., May. This species varies from 

 pubescent to glabrous, from lvs. reniform to ovate, deltoid, or hastate ; from fls. 

 deep blue to light-blue or even white, and as is now generally conceded, to the 

 following remarkable forms : — • 4fe 



p. palmata. Lvs. (cordate) alj^Msomo of them very irregularly hastate-lobed, 

 the middle lobe largest, theWmer lvs. commonly undivided and broadly cor- 

 date. Fls. large. Plant 4 — 12' high. (V. palmata L.) — Common at the 

 South. 



y. septemloba. Lvs. (concave at base) more deeply 5 — 7-lobed, the middle 

 lobe largest, oblanccolate, all rather succulent and strongly veined beneath ; 

 fls. very large. (V. septemloba Le Conte.) — Low, pine woods, Ga. (Pond). 

 Plant 5 — 12' high. A remarkable form truly, but evidently varying into ft. 

 Apr. 



10 V. villosa "Walt. Lvs. roundish-ovate, cordate, obtuse, flat, pubescent, cbscurely 

 crenate, sinus narrow or closed; pet. bearded; stig. beaked. — Sandy woods, mid- 

 dle Ga., common N. to Penn. Plant 2 — 3 high. Lvs. spreading, scarcely 1' long, 

 the petioles longer (1 — 2). Fls. small, bluish purple, on stalks shorter than the 

 leaves. Mar., Apr. 



XI V. sagittata Ait. Lvs. oblong-lanceolate, sagittate-cordate, subacute, often in- 

 cisely dentate at base, serrate-crenate, smooth or slightly pubescent; pedicel 

 longer than tho leaves ; lower and lateral pet. densely bearded. — On dry hills, 

 Can. to Fla., "W. to Ark. Lvs. varying from oblong-sagittate to triangular-hastate, 

 on margined petioles. Scapes 3 to 5' long. Sep. lanceolate, acute. Pet. entire, 

 veiny, purplish blue, white at base. Stig. rostrate, margined. Apr. — Jn. 



p. ovata. Lvs. ovate, abrupt at base and decurrent on the petioles, pubescent, 

 the upper often incisely dentate at base. (V. ovata Nutt.) — N. J., south- 

 ward. 



12 V. hastata Mx. Smooth ; st. simple, erect, leafy above ; lvs. deltoid-lanceolate 

 or hastate, acute, dentate ; stip. ovate, minute, ciliate-dentate ; lower pet. dilated, 

 obscurely 3-lobed, lateral ones slightly bearded; sep. lanceolate, with a very 

 short spur. — Pine woods, Tenn. to Fla. St slender, 6 — 10' high. Fls. yellow, on 

 6talks shorter than the leaves. Apr., May. 



13 V. tripartita Ell. Hairy. St. simple, erect, leafy above; lvs. deeply 3-paried, 

 lobes lanceolate, dentate ; stip. lanceolate. — Upper Ga. Plant about If high, vil- 



