390 Order G5.-CORNACE.iE. 



near the summit. In tho South it attains the height of 29 to 30f, usually with, 

 out a branch, imitating tho form of the palm (as Elliott remarks) more nearly 

 than any other tree, its leaves are there 4 to 6f in length. Fis. white. Aug.— . 

 Properties emetic and cathartic. 



2. PA'NAX, L. Ginseng. (Gr. irav, all, uno^, a remedy ; i. e., a 

 panacea, or universal remedy.) Dico^iously polygamous. $ Calyx 

 ndnatc to the ovary, limb short, obsoletely 5- toothed ; petals 5 ; stamens 

 5, alternate with the petals ; styles and carpels 2 to 3 ; fruit baccate, 

 2 to 3-celled; cells 1-seeded. 6 Calyx limb nearly entire; petals 

 and stamens 5. — Herbs or shrubs. Lvs. 3 (in the herbaceous species), 

 palmatcly compound. Fls. in a solitary, simple umbel. 



X P. trifolium. L. Gkound-ndt. Dwarf G-insexo. Rl. globous, tuberous ; lvs. 



3, verticillate, 3 to 5-foliate, l/'ts. wedge-lanceolate, serrate subsessile ; sty. 3 ; ber- 

 ries 3-seeded. — Common in low woods. Can. to S. States. The globular root is 

 deep in the ground, nearly 4-' diam., connected with tho stem by a idiorf, screw- 

 like ligament. The st. arises 3 to C above tin surface, smooth, slender and 

 simple. At the summit is a whorl of 3 compound lvs. with a central ped. ter- 

 minating in a little umbel of pure white fis. Lfts. generally 3, nearly or quito 

 smooth. Barren and fertile fls. on different plants, tho latUr without stamens, 

 succeeded by green berries, the former with a sjinglo abortivo style. May. 



2 P. qninquefolium L. lit. fusiform; lvs. ?>, verticillate, G-foliate; lfts. oval, 

 acuminate, serrate, pztiolate; ped. of the umbel rather shorter than the common 

 petiole. — Not uncommon in rocky or mountainous woods. Can. to S. States. 

 Rt. whitish, thick and fleshy. St. round, smooth, If high, with a terminal whorl 

 of 3 compound lvs. and a central ped. bearing a simple umbel. Fls. small, yel- 

 lowish, on short pedicels, the barren ones borae on separate plants have larger 

 petals and an entire calyx. Berries bright scarlet. Jn. — Aug. The root is in 

 some estimation as a drug. 



3. HED'ERA, L. European Ivy. (Celtic hedra, a cord ; from the 

 vine-like habit.) .Calyx 5-toothed ; petals 5, dilated at the base ; berry 

 5-secded, surrounded by tho permanent calyx. — European shrubby 

 plants, climbing or erect, with simple, evergreen lvs. and green fis. 



H. Helix L. St. and branches long and flexible, attached to the earth or 

 trees or wall by numerous radicating floras ; lvs. dark green, smooth, with whito 

 veins, petiolate, lower ones 5-lobed, upper ovate; fls. in numerous umbels, form- 

 ing a corymb ; berry black, with a mealy pulp. — Native of Britain. There are 

 several varieties in gardens. •(• 



Order LXV. CORNACE^E. Cornels. 



Tret-? and slirubs, seldom herb,?, without stipules. Leaves opposite (alternate in 



one species), simple, with pinna: e vcinlets. Floivers 'i-merous. Sepals adherent to 



fehe ovary, the limb minute, 4-toothcd or lobed. Petals 4, disti ct, alternate with 



the calyx teeth, valvato in tho bud. Stamens same number as petals, inserted on 



the margin of tho cpigynous disk. Ovary 1 or 2-celled. Fruit a baccate drupe 



crowned with the calyx. 



Geneva 9. species 40. Tliev nrc natives throushont the temperate zone of both continents 

 Tho Order is distinguished for its bitter nn<l astringent bark. That of Cornns lloiiila is on ex. 

 cellent tonic similar in its action to tho Peruvian bark. Many aro beautiful shrubs in cul- 

 tivation. 



1. COR'NUS, L. Dogwood. (Lat. cornn, a horn ; from the hard- 

 ness of the wood of some species.) Calyx limb of 4 minute segments ; 

 petals 4, oblong, sessile ; stamens 4 ; style somewhat clubshaped ; 

 drupe baccate, with <a 2 or 3-celled nut. — Trees, shrubs, or perennial 



