Obeer 69.— DIPSACEiE. 405 



2. VALERIAN EL'L A, Mcench. DC. (Lat. diminutive of Valeriana.) 

 Calyx limb obsolete ; corolla tube short, not spurred, limb 5-lobed, 

 regular ; stamens 3 ; stigmas 3-cleft or entire ; fruit 3-celled, 2 of them 

 empty and more or less inflated, the other with one seed. — (J) Stems 

 forked above. Lvs. opposite, oblong or linear, entire or toothed, ses- 

 sile. Fls. in dense, terminal cymelets. The specific characters are 

 afforded mainly by the fruit. 



* Fruit ovate in outline, glabrous or pubescent. Flowers white I\ T os. 1, 2 



* Fruit orbicular, glabrous, — compressed dorsal! y. Flowers white Nos. 3* 4 



— compressed laterally. Flowers blue .No.' 5 



1 V. Fagopyrum. Lvs. oblong-spatulate, subentire ; fr. smooth, ovoid-triangu- 

 lar, the empty cells converging to the obtuse angle, with no groove between them ; 

 fls. large (H" broad).— West N. T. to Ohio. St. 8 to 18' in height. Bracts lan- 

 ceolate, acute. Fr. resembling that of Buckwheat (Polygonum Fagopyrum,) in 

 form, containing one large seed and two empty cells. Fls. thrice larger than in 

 the next. Fr. 1J" long. Jn. (Fedia T. & G.) 



2 V. radiata Dufr. Lvs. mostly toothed towards the base, linear- oblong, obtuse; 

 fr. pubescent, ovoid, somewhat i-angled, 1 -toothed at apex; empty cells not con- 

 vergent, but with a groove between them ; futile cell flattish, broader tlian the 

 other 2; fls. small (£ wide). — Low grounds, Mich., Ohio, to Ala. St. G to 12' 

 high, dichotomous like the other species, smooth. Lvs. oblong, more or less taper- 

 ing to the base, 1 to 2' by 2 to 4". Fr. less than 1" long, at length nearly 

 smooth. (Fedia, Mx.) 



3 V. umbilicata (Sull.) Lvs. oblong-lanceolate, toothed or incised at the base ; 

 fr. subglobous, inflated, apex 1-toothed, the anterior face deeply umbilicate and 

 perforated into the sterile cells which are much larger than the fertile one. — Moist 

 grounds, Columbus, Ohio, (Sullivant). Plant smooth, 1 to 2f high, many times 

 dichotomous. Fls. in numerous cymules, corymbously arranged. Fr. nearly 1" 

 diam., with 1 rib at the back produced into a tooth at apex. (Fedia, Sull.) 



4 V. patellaria (Sull.) Lvs. toothed at base ; fr. obicular, much flattened, con- 

 cave, notched at both ends, the sterile cells widely divergent, at length forming a 

 winged margin to the fertile cells. — Wet grounds near Columbus, Ohio, (Sullivant). 

 Resembles the last except in its fruit. (Fedia, Sull.) 



5 V. olitoria Mcench. Lamb Lettuce. Lvs. spatulate-obtuse, radical one petic- 

 late ; fr. compressed laterally as to the seed, oblique, at length broader than long, 

 not toothed at apex ; fertile cell longer than both the others, with a corky back ; 

 empty cells united, but with a groove (in the circumference) between ; fls. pale 

 blue. — Naturalized in some portions of the U. S. St. smooth, 8 to 12' high, 

 dichotomous. Lvs. mostly entire. Fls. in dense cymules. Fr. 1' diam. Jn. { 

 §Eur. 



Order LXIX. DIPSACE2E. Teaselworts. 



Herbs with whorled or opposite leaves and no stipules. Flowers in dense heads 

 surrounded by an involucre as in Composite. Calyx adherent, pappus-like, sur- 

 rounded by a special scarious involucel, corolla tubular, somewhat irregular, tho limb 

 4 to 5-parted. Stamens 4, alternate with tho lobes of corolla, often unequal. An- 

 thers distinct. Ovary inferior, one-celled, one-ovuled. Style one, simple. Fruit 

 dry, indehiscent, with a single suspended seed. (Fig. 206.) 



Genera 6, species 150. The order is nearly allied to the Composite. The species are nil na- 

 tives of the temperate regions of the eastern continent, none of them American. Their proper- 

 ties are unimportant. One of the species below is useful in dressing cloth. 



1. DIP'SACUS, L. Teasel. (Gr. dtxpdo), to thirst; water is held in 

 the axils of the leaves.) Flowers in heads; involucre many-leaved; 

 involucel 4-sided, closely investing the calyx and fruit ; calyx superior ; 

 corolla tubular, 4-clcft, lobes erect ; fruit 1-seeded, crowned with the 



