Order "JO.— COMPOSITE. 4H 



1 V. fasciculata Mx. St. tall, striate or grooved, tomentous ; Its. narrow-lanceo- 

 late, tapering to each end, serrulate, lower ones petiolate; hds. numerous, in a 

 somewhat fastigiate cyme , invol. ovoid-camp.inulato ; scales appressed, mucro- 

 nate or obtuse. — Woods and prairies, W. States, very common. A coarse, pur- 

 plish green weed 3 to lOf high. Lvs. 4 to 8' by 1 to 2', smooth above. Cymes 

 co.npact or loose. Heads large or small. Cor. showy, dark purple, twice longer 

 than the involucre. Jl. — Aug. Variable. 



2 V. Noveboracensis Willd. Lvs. numerous, lanceolate, serrulate, rough, cvmo 

 - fastigiate; scales of invol. filiform at the ends. — A tall, showy plant with numer- 

 ous large, dark purple flowers, found in meadows and other moi.^t situations. U. S. 

 Su branching at top, reddish, 3 to 6f high. Lvs. crowded, paler Deneath radical 

 ones often lobed. Cymes terminal, flat-topped, compound. Scales and corolla 

 deep purple, the former ending in long, threadlike appendages, or in one variety 

 (V. pnsalta Less.) partly cuspidate. In another variety (V. tomentosa EH.) the 

 plant becomes tomentous iu the corymbs and under surface of the leaves, t'ept. 



3 V. scaberrima Nutt. St. simple, corymbed above ; lvs. crowded below, sessile, 

 lanceolate and lance-linear, scabrous above, margins revolute, sube.dire ; lids. "0 to 

 30-flowered ; scales lanceolate, filiate, protracted into long, fle.vuou3 points • 

 pappus whitish, exserted but shorter than the appendaged scales. — In pine bar- 

 rens. Height 2 to 3f. Invol. usually green ; cor. purple. Ju. — Aug. 



4 V. angustifolia Mx. Slender, many-leaved ; lvs. linear o-r lance-linear, the 

 lowest serrulate, upp3r entire with revolute margins ; cymes corymbo'is, with 

 very slender peduncles ; lids. 10 to 15 flowered; scales acute or mucronate, the 

 lower spreading and more or less filiform-pointed; pappus purplish, twice longer 

 than the invol. — X. Car. to Fla. and La., iu the pine barrens. About 2f high, 

 Sept., Oct. 



5 V. ovalifdlia Torr. k Gr. Lvs. lance-oval or lance-oblong, acute, sessile, sharply 

 serra'e, veiny ; cyme loose, fastigiate ; hds. rather large, scales appressed, acute or 

 mucronate, much shorter than the pappus. — Mid. Fla. (Chapman). St. 3 to 4f 

 high. Hds. about 20-flowered, with a purplish pappus. 



6 V. oligophylla Mx. St. nearly leafless, slender • lvs. mostly radical, oblong- 

 obovate, dentate-serrate, the 2 or 3 cauline lvs. bract-like, lanceolate, serrulate ; 

 cyme loose, somewhat dichotoaious, with few heads; scales with spreading, 

 aeuminato tips. — Swampy pine woods, N. Car. to Fla. Sts. about 2f high. 

 Jn., Jl. 



2. STOKE'SIA, L'ller. (In honor of Jonathan Stokes, M. P., an 

 English botanist.) Flowers all tubular, the marginal larger, ray-like, 

 irregular; scales of the involucre imbricated, in several rows, the outer 

 spinulous and leaf-like ; receptacle naked ; fruit 4-angled ; pappus of 4 

 or 5 awn like, rigid, deciduous scales. — U Erect, with a downy stem, 

 alternate lvs., and terminal, large heads of showy blue fis. 



S. cyama L'Her. A rare and ornamental plant, found in S. Car., Ga., and La, 

 rarely in gardens. It resembles a Centaurea. Height about 2f. Lvs. sessile, er.- 

 tire, glabrous, the bracts spinulous at base, gradually passing into the scales. 

 Outer corollas with the innercleft deeper, limb spreading, palmate, imitating 

 rays. 



3. ELEPHANT0PU5, L. Elephant's-foot. (Gr. eAt'0ar, elephant, 

 rrovg, foot; alluding to the form of the leaves in some species.) Heads 

 3 to 5- flowered, glomerate into a compound head with leafy bracts; 

 flowers all equal ; involucre compressed, the scales about 8, oblong, dry, 

 ■in 2 series ; corolla 5-clefr, one of the clefts deeper than the others, seg- 

 ments acuminate; achenia ribbed, hairy; pappus chaffy-setaceous. — 2£ 

 Erect, with alternate subsessile lvs. Cor. violet purple. 



1 B. Carolinianus Willd. St, much branched, leafy, hairy ; lvs. scabrous and 

 somewhat hairy, ovate or oval-oblong, obtuse, crenate-serrate, lower ones on 

 petioles, upper one subsessile ; hds. terminal and subtorminal. — Dry soils, Penn., 



