440 Order 70.— COMPOSITE. 



the involucre. — 2£ Rhizome tuberous. Lvs. alternate, very densely 

 tomentous beneath, decurrent into the wings of the stem. Hds. sessile, 

 densely crowded into a woolly terminal spike. (Conyza, Mx.) 



P. pycnostachyum Ell. St. simple; lvs. lanceolate, finely serrulate, smooth 

 above ; spike continuous. — Sandy soils, S. Car. to Fla. A curious plant, 2 to 3f 

 high. Lvs. a finger's length, dark green above, creamy-white beneath, as are also 

 the wings of the stem. Spike 2 to 3' long. May — Aug. 



37. BORRICH'IA, Adans. Ska Ox-eve. (Dedicated to Olof JB&rrich, 



a Danish botanist.) Heads radiate, many-flowered; rays $, fertile; 

 scales imbricated, the outer leafy ; receptacle flat, chaffy, the chaff 

 rigid, persistent ; achenia 4 angular, crowned with a 4-toothed pappus. 

 — Shrubby maritime plants with opposite lvs. and solitary, yellow hds. 

 (Buphthalmum, L.) 



B. frutescens DC. Minutely canesccnt downy ; lvs. lanceolate and oblanceolate 

 obscurely repand-toothed, slightly connate at base, chaff of the recept. cuspidate 

 with a rigid point. — Va. to Fla. St. 1 to 3f high. Lvs. 2 to 3' long, rounded 

 at the end (with a cuspidate point), varying to linear, the upper alternate. Jn. — 

 Oct. 



38. ECLIP TA, L. Head many-flowered ; ray fls. $ numerous nar- 

 row ; disk £ tubular, mostly 4-toothed ; scales 10 — 12, in 2 rows, 



leafy, lance-ovate; receptacle flat; chaff bristly ; achenia somewhat 

 angular or 2 -edged ; pappus 0. — ® Herbs strigose with rigid hairs, erect 

 or procumbent. Lvs. opposite. Heads axillary and terminal, solitary. 

 Fls. white. (Fig. 328.) 



E. erecta L. St. often decumbent ; lvs. lanceolate or lance-oblong, tapering to 

 each end, subserrate ; ped. longer than the heads ; scales or leaves of the involucre 

 acuminate. — Damp soils, Md., Ohio, and 111., S. to Flor. Stem often rooting at 

 the lower joints, 1 — 3f long, with an elastic, thread-like fiber. Leaves 1 to 2' 

 long, rough, obscurely tripli-veined. Heads small, with minute flowers and short 

 rays. The juico turns black, and is said to dye wool black. Jn. — Sept. (E. 

 procumbens and brachipoda, Mx.) 



39. POLYMNIA, L. Leaf-cup. (The name of one of the ancient 

 Muses; why applied to this plant is not obvious.) Heads radiate. In- 

 volucre double, outer of 4 or 5 large, leafy scales, inner of about 10 

 leaflets, concave ; ray-flowers pistillate, few ; disk sterile ; receptacle 

 chaffy; pappus none. — % Clammy herbs. Lvs. opposite. Fk yellow. 



1 P. Canadensis L. Viscid-villous ; lvs. denticulate, petiolate, acuminate, lower 

 pinnatitid, upper 3-lobed or entire, rays shorter than the invol. — A coarse, broad- 

 leaved, hairy-viscid plant, 3 — 5f high, Can., X. Y. to 111., and the mts. of Car. 

 Stem with opposite leaves and spreading branches. Flowers light-yellow, tho 

 rays short, surrounded by the concave leaflets of the double calyx in such a man- 

 ner as to form a sort of cup, hence called Leaf-cup. Leaves feather-veined, 3 — 8' 

 long, and nearly as wide, lobes deeply divided and acuminate. Heads h' diam. 

 June. 



2 P. uvedalia L. Hairy and rough, stout ; lvs. 3-lobed, acute, decurrent into 

 the petiole, lobes sinuate-angled; rays 7 to 12, much longer than the involucre.-* ■ 

 In highland woods. Stem 3 — Gfhigh. Lower leaves very large. Flowers largo, 

 yellow, tho rays oblong, obtuse. Jl. — Neither of these plants has been found in 

 N. Eng., and they are rare in N. Y., but not uncommon in the W. and S. "W 

 States. 



40. CHRYSOG'ONUM, L. (Gr. xpvnoc, gold, y&vv, knee ; the golden 

 flowers at the joints.) Heads many-flowered, radiate ; rays about 5, $ , 

 fertile, disk <j but sterile ; scales in 2 rows of about 5 each, the outer 



