442 Order 70.— COMPOSITE. 



(I ternXtum. St C-sidcd ; lvs. iernaiely verliciUaie. — Prairies, with tbo com- 

 mon form ; apparently connecting this with S. trifoliatum, from which it is 

 nevertheless distinct 



6 S. Bcaberrimum Ell. St. hispid ; lvs. opposite, rigid, oval somewhat pointed, 

 serrate, very roughly hispid on both sides, the lower petiolate, upper subsessilo, 

 entire ; scales c Mate-serrulate, squarrous ; ach. large, roundish, broadly ivinged, with 

 convergent teeth. — W. Ga. to La. St. 3 — 4f high. lids, nearly 1' diam., rays 20 

 or more, spreading 2'. Ach. 6" long. Aug., Sept. 



7 S. IcEvigatum Ell. Smooth and glabrous; Ivs. opposite, thick, lance-oblong, 

 subserrate, somewhat pointed, the lower petiolate, upper sessile, with an abrupt 

 base, highest cordate, entire; scale3 ovate, obtuse, ciliate-squarrous ; ach. oval, 

 narrowly winged, the teeth short, divergent. — ~W. Ga. and Ala. St. 2 to 3f high, 

 somewhat 4-angled. lids, small, corymbed, rays spreading 11'. Achenia 4" 

 long. Aug., Sept. 



8 S. Asteriscua L. Hispid, often hairy ; st. terete, striate ; Ivs. mostly alter- 

 nate, lanceolate, crenate-serrate, obtusish, the lower tapering to a petiole, oppo- 

 site or alternate, upper sessile ; scales squarrous, leafy ; ach. roundish-obovato, 

 with short divergent teeth. — Dry soils, Va. to Fla. and La., common. St. 2 to 4f 

 high, generally purple. Lower Ivs. (rarely whorled) 4 to 7' long. lids, few, 1' 

 broad, with 12 to 15 rajs, 1' in length. Ach. 3 to 4" long. Jn. — Aug. — Varia- 

 ble, being sometimes nearly smooth, the lower Ivs. sometimes sinuate-toothed, etc. 



/}'. pcjmilum. Downy or tomentous, low; Ivs. elliptical, obtuse, subserrate, 

 upper entire ; hds. smaller ; ach. with very short teeth or almost truncate. — 

 Ga. (Feay), (3. pumilum Ph.). Tho teeth of tho ach. aro not invariablo in 

 this genus. 



9 S. perforatum L. Cop-plant. St. square ; Ivs. large, thin, opposite, connato- 

 perfbliate, ovate, coarsely toothed, narrowed towards the base; hds. in a trichot- 

 omous cyme, on a long ped. ; scales ovate, obtuse, squarrous ; ach. broadly 

 obovate, winged, cmarginate. — Along streams, etc., Mich, to Tenn., plant coarse 

 and forbidding, 4 to 7f high. Lvs. 8 to 14' by 4 to 7', the upper pairs forming a 

 cup with their connate bases. Hds. large, with 12 to 20 rays. Ach. 6" long. 

 Jl., Aug. (Also, S. connatum L.) 



42. BERLANDrERA, DC. (Named for Berlandier, a botanical col- 

 lector.) Heads radiate ; ray-flowers $ , fertile, in one series ; disk £ 

 bt>t sterile ; scales in 3 series, leafy, subequal ; receptacle chaffy ; 

 pales obtuse ; aclienia all marginal, in one row, obcompressed, wing- 

 less, obovate, more or less adherent to the inner scales of the involucre ; 

 pappus minute. — U Herbs velvety-canescent, with alternate, cordate, 

 petiolate lvs. and hds. with yellow rays. 



1 B. tomentosa Torr. & Gr. Caulescent, whitened with a close, soft tomentum ; 

 6t simple; lvs. oblong, obtuse, erenafle, petiolate, somewhat snvooth and green 

 above ; hds. in small, dense corymbs. — Barrens, Ga., Fla. and La. St. 1 to 2f 

 high. Lvs. 2 to 3' by 1', the upper and lower surfaces strongly contrasted iu 

 color. Kays 7 to 10, spreading 2'. Apr. — Aug. (Silphium Ph.) 



2 B. snbacaulis Nutt. Acaulcscent, at length somewhat caulescent, rougbish 

 caneacent; lvs. radical, lyrate or sinuate-pinnatifid, tho lobes crenate-toothed; 

 scapes elongated, bearing a single head. — Ga* and Fla. May, Jn. 



43. PARTHE'NIUM, L. (Gr. rrapOivog, a virgin; from iis medici- 

 nal efficacy.) Heads many-flowered ; ray-flowers 5, somewhat ligulate, 

 fertile; disk flowers tubular, sterile ; involucre hemispherical, scales in 

 2 series, outer ovate, inner orbicular ; receptacle conical, chaffy ; ache- 

 nia 5, compressed, cohering with 2 contiguous pales. — American herb* 

 with alternate lvs. 



1 P. integrifdlium L. St. pubescent, striate, erect; lvs. hispid-scabrous, lanco- 

 ovate, coarsely dentato-erenate, coriaceous, lower petiolate, irpper sessile, hds. 

 many, tomentous, corymbed. — 21 Dry soils, Mid. and W. States. St. rigid, 3 to 



