Order 70.— COMPOSITE 447 



petioles 6 to 10' long. Rays about 18, oblong, linear, bright yellow. Aug. — 

 Oct. f 



53. LEP'ACHYS, Jtaf. Heads radiate; involucre in one series of 

 linear scales ; ray flowers few, neutral, disk perfect ; receptacle col- 

 umnar, chaffy; chaff obtuse, and bearded at apex; pappus 0; fer- 

 tile achenia compressed, 1 to 2-winged. — "4 Lvs. alternate, pinnately 

 divided, lids, of fls. yellow, with long, drooping rays. 



L. pinnata Torr. & Gr. Scabrous; lvs. all pinnate, the divisions 3 to 7, 

 some of tho lower ones 2-parted, the rest undivided ; rays elongated. — In dry 

 soils, Western N. Y., W. aud S. States. St. 2 to 4f high, blender, furrowed and 

 hispid.* Hds. very showy. Rays yellow, about 2' in length, pendulous, the disk 

 ovate, purple. Jn. — Sept. (Rudbeckia Mx. Obelisearia Cass.) 



54. HELIAN'THUS, L. Sun-flower. (Gr. y/uog, the sun, avGoc, 

 flower.) Heads radiate, ray-fls. neutral, disk £ ; scales of the invol- 

 ucre imbricated in several series ; rcceptable flat or convex, the chaff 

 persistent, embracing the achenia ; pappus of 2 chaffy awns, deciduous ; 

 achenia compressed or 4-sidcd, not margined. — Herbs mostly If, rough. 

 Lvs. opposite, the upper often alternate, mostly tripli-veined. Hays 

 yellow, disk yellow or purple. 



§ Disk (its corollas ami pales) dark parole, mostly convex, (a) 



a Herbs annual. Leaves chiefly alternate Nos. 1, 2 



a Herbs perennial. Leaves opposite. — Scales acuminate Nos. 8 — 6 



— Scales obtuse Nos. 6, 7 



§ Disk (its corollas and pales) yellow, (b) 



b Leaves chiefly alternate and feather- veined '. Nos. S — 11 



b Leaves chiefly opposite and 8-veined or tiipliveined. (c) i 



C Scales erect, closely imbricated. — Plants green, rough Nos. 12, 13 



— Plants whitish, downy Nos. 14, lfi 



C Scales loosely spreading, neads large, 9 to 15-rayed. (d) 



d Scales lance-linear, longer than disk. Leaves thin Nos. 16, 17 



d Scales lance-ovate, as long as the disk. Leaves thick Nos. 18—21 



C Scales loosely spreading. Heads small, 5 to S-rayed Nos. 22 ~25 



1 H. £rmuus L. Erect, stout; lvs. all cordate, 3-veined, only the lowest op- 

 posite ; ped. thick ; lids, large, nodding ; ach. glabrous. — This stately annual is 

 from S. America. It grows in any soil, but its magnitude is in proportion, vary- 

 ing from 2f to 10, or even 15f. The enormous size of tho flowers with their 

 broad rays of brilliant yellow aro too well known to require description. A 

 variety occurs with tho flowers all radiate. JX, Aug. — An edible oil hiis been 

 expressed from tho seeds. 



2 H. debilis Nutt. Decumbent, slender; lvs. ovate, serrulate, petiolate, mostly 

 alternate ; fids, small, solitarj^, pedunculato ; scales narrow, slender-pointed ; ach. 

 pubescent. — Fla., La. (Xot within our limits ?). St3. 1 to 2f long. lids, half 

 an inch diam. Rays about 1 2. 



3 H. Radula Torr. & Gr. Erect, hirsute, simple, bearing a single head ; lvs. 

 sessile or nearly so, roundish obovate or ovate, obtuse, opposite, crowded below; 

 ecafos and pales lanceolate, acuminate, erect, dark purplo ; rays 7 to 10, rarely none. 

 — :f Barrens, Ga., Ala., Fla. Sts. often clustered, 1 to 3f high. Lvs. very rough 

 on the upper surface. Hds. near 1' diam., disk dark purplo. Aug., Sept. f 

 (Rudbeckia, Ph.) 



4 H. heterophyllus Nutt. Slightly hispid, slendor, bearing a single head ; lva 

 opposite, entire, subsessile, tho- lower oval, upper linear-lanceolate, scales acumi- 

 nate, erect, ciliate; pales acute; rays 12 to 18. — y N. Car. to Fla. and La. St. 1 

 to 2f high. Hd3. 6 ' diam., rays expanding 2\'. Aug., Sept. 



5 H. angu3tifolrus L. Erect, slender, scabrous or hispidly hirsute ; lvs. ses- 

 sile, lancc-linear, tapering to a long point, 1-veined, rigid, opposite, tho upper often 

 alternate, subdenticulate, often revolute ; hds. pedunculate, few ; scales lance- 

 linear, the long point spreading ; pales linear, 3-ioothed. — Sandy or rocky places, 

 N. J., Ky., and S. States, common. St. 2 to 3f high, subsimple. Lvs. 2 to G' by 

 3 to 6", broadest at the abrupt base. Rays 12 to 13, expanding about 2'. Disk 

 flowers brown at the summit. Aug. — Oct. 



