Order 70.— COMPOSITE. 465 



vefay, dentate, ovate-lanceolale and oblong, radical ones stalked, cauline sessile; 

 hds. few; invol. hairy, with acuminate scales; ach. hairy. — Ravines, White Mts., 

 K. II.. Essex Mts., N. Y. Also Rocky Mts. St. 1 to 2f high. Lvs. 2 to 5' in 

 length, the upper one broad at the base, the lower tapering to a winged petiole, 

 often acute, but not acuminate. Jl. 

 2 A. irudicaulis E1L Hirsute ; lvs. all sessile, subentire, oval or ovate, ?. to 5- 

 veined, the veins converging to the apex, cauline small, 1 or 2 pairs ; hds. few, 

 large, terminal; rays about 12, 3-toothed at end; ach. glabrous. — Wet, sandy 

 soils Va. to Fla. St. If high, scape-like. Lvs. mostly radical, resembling those 

 of the plantains (Plautago), but smaller (2 to 3' long.) Rays spreading fully 2'. 

 Apl., May. 



Tribe 5. CYNAREJ3. 



88. CYN'ARA, L. (Gr. kvwv, a dog; the stiff, hard spines of the 

 invol. resemble a dog's teeth.) Heads discoid, homogamous ; invol- 

 ucre dilated, imbricate, scales fleshy, emarginate, pointed ; receptacle 

 setaceous ; pappus plumous ; achenia not beaked. — Natives of the Old 

 World. 



1 C. Scclymus L. Garden Artichoke. Lvs. subspinose, pinnate and un- 

 divided; invol. scales ovate. — IX Gardens and cultivated grounds. A well known 

 garden esculent. The parts used are the receptacle, the lower part of the in- 

 volucre and the upper portion of the stalk. It is cultivated from suckers placed 

 in rows, 3 feet apart. Aug., Sept. % § Eur. 



2 C. cardunculus L. Cardoon. Lvs. spiuy, all pinnatifid ; invol. scales ovate. 

 — If Flowers purple. This plant is blanched or etiolated, by heaping earth 

 around it, whence its petioles become crisp, tender, and aro used like celery. 

 X % Eur - 



89. TAGE'TES, L. Marigold. (For Tages, a Tuscan divinity, son 

 of Genius and grandson of Jupiter.) Heads hcterogamous ; involucre 

 simple, tubular, of 5 to 10 united scales ; ray flowers 5, persistent; re- 

 ceptacle naked ; pappus of 5 erect awns. — (l) Herbs of tropical Anier* 

 ica. Lvs. pinnately divided. 



1 T. patula L. French Marigold. St. erect, with widely spreading 

 tranches ; segm. of the leaves linear-lanceolate; ped. elongated, subcylindric, 

 one-flowered ; invol. smooth. — l'lant about 2f high. Rays orange yellow ; 

 variegated with dark purple. \ 



2 T. erecta L. African Marigold. St. stout, erect; segm. cf the lvs. 

 lanceolate, ciliate-serrate ; ped. 1-flowered, ventricous and thickened at the sum- 

 mit; invol. angular. — The hds. are twice larger than in T. patula, and on shorter 



. peduncles. — Thcso arc well known and popular garden flowers with several 

 varieties, f 



90. CALEN'DULA, L. Pot Marigold. (Lat. calenda, the first day 



of the month ; some species blossom monthly.) Heads radiate ; in- 

 volucre of many equal leaves, in about 2 series ; rays ? , fertile, disk 

 <? , sterile; receptacle naked; achenia of the disk membranaceous; 

 pappus 0. — An oriental genus of annual herbs. Lvs. alternate. 



. C. officinalis L. Viscid-pubescent; st. branched; lvs. oblong, acute, mu- 

 cronate, sessile, subdentate and scabrous-ciliate on the margin ; hds. terminal, 

 solitary ; ach. carinate, muricate, incurved. — A common and handsome garden 

 plant, from S. Eurone. It has double, lemon-colored, and other varieties. Flow- 

 ers large and brilliant, generally orange-colored. Jn. — Sept. f 



9i. CENTAITREA, L. Knap-weed. Bachelor's-button. (The 

 centaur, Chiron, it is said, cured with these, his foot wounded by Her- 



30 



