470 Order 10.— COMPOSITE. 



102. CYNTHIA, Don. (One of the names of Diana; fancifully ap- 

 plied to this genus.) Involucre nearly simple, of equal, narrow scales; 

 receptacle flat, alveolate; pappus double, the outer minute, scaly, inner 

 copious, capillary; achenia short. — 2£ Lvs. alternate or all radical. lids. 

 with 15 to 20 yellow flowers. 



1 C. Virginica Don. St. few-leaved, branched above; lvs. oval and lance-oral, 

 entire or remotely toothed, rarely sinuate-pinuatitid, the radical on winged petio- 

 les, cauline amplexicaul, entire. — In barrens and dry soils, Western N. Y. to 111. 

 smooth and glaucous. St. 1 to 2f high, often cuehotomously divided, with 1 to 2 

 clasping leaves at the forks. Radical lvs. 3 to 5' long. Hds terminal on the 

 bracteate and subumbellate peduncles, with deep yellow flowers. Scales united 

 at oase in a somewhat double series. Hay — JI. (Krigia, Xutt.) 



2 C. Dandelion 1)0. Acaulescenf; scapes leafless, simple, 1-flotvered; lvs. elon- 

 gated, lauce-lincar, entire or remotely toothed, rarely pinnatifid, the primary lvs. 

 o'olong-spatulate. — Low grounds, Md. to Ga. and Tex. Scapes 6 to 18' high, sev- 

 eral from the same root. Lvs. some of them nearly as long as the scapes, more 

 generally entire ; when pinnatifid, the lobes are 2 or 3 on each side, triangular. 

 A variety in the mountainous districts produces at length a short, decumbent 

 stem. (Ilyosiris moutana Hx. C. lyrata Nutt.) 



103. LEON'TODON, L. Autumnal Hawkbit. (Gr. Xeav, a lion. 

 65ou<;, a tooth ; in reference to the toothed leaves.) Involucre imbri- 

 cate, the outer scales very short ; receptacle naked ; pappus plumous, 

 persistent on the somewhat rostrate achenia. — Acaulescent herbs with 

 3'ellow fls., many in a head. (Apargia, Willd.) 



L. autumnalia L. Scape branching; ped. scaly, lvs. lanceolate, dentate-pinnat- 

 ifid, smoothish. — Common in the eastern parts of N. Eug., grass lands aud road- 

 sides. Fls. similating the dandelion. Pit. large, abrupt, scape round, striate, 

 holloWi decumbent at base, G to 18' high, with a few branches and scattered 

 scales. Lvs. spreading, 6' lona~, with deep, round sinuses, and covered with re- 

 mote hairs, lids. 1' diain. Jl. — Nov. § Eur. 



104. TRAGOPG'GOR, L. Vegetable Oyster. (Gr. Tpdyog, a goat, 

 Trwyojv, a beard ; in allusion to the tawny, showy pappus.) Involucre 

 simple, of many laves; receptacle naked; pappus plumous, achenia 

 longitudinally striate, contracted into a long, filiform beak. — © Euro- 

 pean herbs, with long, linear, grass-like lvs. 



T. porrifolius L. Involucre much longer than the corolla; lvs. long, linear, 

 undivided, straight ; ped. thickened upwards. St. 3 to 4f high. Fls. terminal, 

 solitary, large, bluish purple. Cultivated in gardens for the root, which is long, 

 tapering and nuti itious. When properly prepared it has a mild, sweetish taste, 

 which has been compared to that of the oyster. \ 



105. HIERA'CIUM, Tourn. Hawkweed. (Gr. lipai;, a hawk ; sup- 

 posed to strengthen the vision of birds of prey.) Involucre more or 

 less imbricated, ovoid, many-flowered ; scales very unequal ; achenia 

 not rostrate ; pappus a single row of copious, tawny, fragile bristles. — 

 21 Lvs. alternate, entire or toothed. 



* Heads 40 to 50-flowered, Involucre more or less imbricated Nos. 1, 2 



* Heads 12 to 80-tlowered. Involucre *,ini[>le. — Achenia, contracted at the top Nos. 3, 4 



— Achenia not contracted up wards... Nos. 5, 6 



1 H. Canadense Mx. St. erect, subvillous, leafy, many-flowered ; lvs. sessile, 

 lanceolate or oblong-ovate, acute, divaricately and acutely dentate, the 'upper ones 

 somewhat amplexicaul, with an obtuse base; panicles axillary and terminal, 

 cprymbous, downy ; invol. strongly imbricated. — In open dry or rocky woods, N. 

 Eng. to Wis. and Can. Stem stout, 1 — 21' high, more or less pubescent, the pe- 

 duncles downy but not glandular. Leaves somewhat pubescent or hairy. Heads 

 large and showy, yellow Involucre sometimes with a few glandular hairs. Aug. 

 (H. Kaimii Sprang.) 



