514 Order 85.— LOGANIACE^E. 



Order LXXXIV. PEDALIACEJ3. Pedaliads. 



Herbs mostly strong-scented and glandular-hirsute. Stipules 0. Flowers axillary, 

 solitary, large, monopetalous, didynamous, 5-merous, irregular. Ovary 1 to 2-celled, 

 of 2 carpels. Style 1. Stigma divided. Fruit becoming 4 or 6-celled by the diverg- 

 ing lobes of the 2 placenta?. Seeds few or many, large, wingless. 



Genera 14, species 25, natives of tropical America, etc. Some of them havo been introdnccd 

 into the United States. 



TRIBES AND GENERA. 



t. PEDALINE-iE. Fruit drupe-like, fleshy without, produced into a beak Makttnia. 1 



II. SESAME^E. Fruit capsular, dry, dehiscent, never beaked Sksamum. 2 



1. MARTYN'IA, L. Unicorn Plant. (In honor of John Martyn, 

 botanical author and professor, Cambridge, Eng., 1760.) Calyx 5-cleft, 

 2 to 3-bracteolate at base ; cor. campanulate, tube gibbous at base, limb 

 5-lobed, unequal ; sta. 5, one rudimentary and sterile, 4 didynamous ; 

 caps, coriaceous, ligneous, 4-celled, 2-valved, each valve terminating in 

 a long, hooked beak. — CD Chiefly southern, branching, viscid-pilous. 

 Lvs. opposite, petiolate, subcordate, roundish. 



1 M. proboscidea Glox. Branches mostly decumbent ; lvs. cordate, entire, sub- 

 orbicular, villous, upper ones alternate ; fls. on long, axillary peduncles ; beaks 

 much longer than the capsule. — A coarse, strong-scented plant, along rivers, fields, 

 etc., S. and "W. States. Stem 1 — 2f long. Leaves paler beneath. Corolla pale, 

 dull yellow, very large, the limb nearly as broad as the leaves, spotted with 

 brownish-purple. Sta. bright yellow, exserted. Tho curious pods are furnished 

 with an incurved horn (2 when the valvea separate) abruptly bent at tho end into 

 a very sharp grappling hook. 



2 M. lutea Lindl. "With yellow fls. and horns longor than the pod, is some- 

 times cultivated, also M. diaudra, with pink fls. spotted with purple, and horns 

 shorter than the pod. 



2. SES'AMUM, L. Oil-seed. Calyx 5-partcd ; corolla campanu- 

 late, 3-cleft, the lower lobes tho longest ; stamens 4, didynamous ; 

 stigma lanceolate ; capsule 2-celled, the cells divided by the inflexed 

 edges of the valves. — CD Of India. Lvs. petiolate, the lower opposite, 

 upper alternate. 



S. Indicum DC. Lvs. lanceolate-ovate, lower ones 3-lobed, upper ones un- 

 divided serrate. — Native of E. India. Stem erect, about 18' high. Leaves alter- 

 nate, entire. Flowers axillary, subsessile. Corolla pale purple. Tho seeds 

 yield an excellent oil which will keep several years without injury. It is used 

 in cookery for all the purposes of sweet oil. Five pounds of tho seeds yield 

 about one pound of oil. The leaves are emollient 



Order LXXXY. LOGAXIACE.E. 



Herbs or shrubs with opposite leaves, with stipules between tho petioles, some- 

 times reduced to an elovated line or ridge. Flowers 4 or 5-partod, monopetalous, 

 regular, aestivation various. Ovary superior, stylo simple, stigmas as many as the 

 cells of the ovary. Fruit capsular or baccate, 2-celled, many-seeded, or a 1 to 2- 

 eeeded drupe. Seeds albuminous, mostly winged or peltate. (Fig. 221, 302.) 



Genera 25, gpecies 200, chiefly tropical. 



Properties. — Generally poisonous, often possessed of tho highest desrreo of venom. The 

 pervading poisonous principle is strychnia, especially abundant and fatal in the seeds of Stryeh- 

 nos Nux-vomica, an East Indian tree, with small, greenish flowers. S. toxifera, of Guiana fur- 

 nishes tho terrible Woorali, poison for arrows, likewise S. cogens of Central America, S. Ticute 

 of Java, yields the celebrated Upas. The species of Spigelia, under tho name of rink-root, are 

 uso4 as a vermifuge, bnt are dangerous. 



Obs. — This order has been appended to Kubiacew, but its frco ovary is a decisive mark of dis- 

 tinction, although otherwise nearly related. 



