Order 83.— VERBENACE^E. 587 



| Shrubs. Fruit fleshy.— Flowers 4-parted, axillary. Drupe 4-seeded Caixtcarpa. 4 



— Flowers 4-parted, axillary. Drupe 2-seeded Lantana. 5 



— Flowers 4-parted, terminal. Drupe 2-sei'dcd....Ai.ovsiA. ft 



— Flowers 5-parted. — Seeds 4. Leaves simple CLBBODENDKUM. T 



— Seed 1. Leaves compound... Vni:x. 8 



I. VERBE^NA, L. Vervain. (Celtic fer-fcen, to expel stone ; hence 

 Eng. vervain, Lat. verbena.) Calyx 5-tootbed, with one of the teeth 

 often shorter ; corolla funnel -farm, limb somewhat unequally D-!obed ; 

 stamens 4, included, the upper pair sometimes abortive; drupe splitting 

 into 4, 1-seeded, iudehiscent carpels. — Herbs or undershrubs. Lvs. op- 

 posite. *Fls. sessile, mostly in spikes or hds. 



• Spirnte ; tlie open corollas lateral in slender spikes, (a) 



a Stem simple* (mostly) bearing a single spike. Leaves oblonar Nos. 1,9 



a Stem branched, with many spikes. — Leaves mostly simple. Nos. 8—5 



— Leaves much divided No.-. 6 — 3 



* Corymbed; the open corollas forming a terminal (spike) corymb Nos. 9 — 11 



1 V. aiigustifolia Mx\ Erect, mos ly simple ; lvs. oblong-linear, tapering to the 

 base, remotely serrate, with furrowed veins; spikes filiform, solitary, axillary and 

 terminal ; cor. blue; bracts as long as calyx. A small, hairy species fouud en rocky 

 .hills and other dry soils, N. Y. to Va., W. to the Miss. St. l.ot more than a foot 

 high, with narrow (2 to ?>' by 3 to 5"), rough lvs. and slender spikes cf deep 

 bluefls. Jl. (V. rugosa Willd.) 



2 V. Caroliniana L. Assurgent subsimple, seabrous-puborulent ; lis. cblong- 

 obovate, obtuse or bluntly acute, crenate-dentate, sessile; fls. in a loose terminal 

 spike: cor. large, rose-colored; bracts minute, half as long as the calyx ; carp. 4, 

 not separating. — y Dry soils, P. States, common. St. 1 to 2f high. Lvs. 18" to 

 3', varying to oval, and in some specimens decidedly hastate! olten acute. Spike 

 G to 12' long. Fls. showy, 6" long, cal. 2". May — Jl. 



3 V. hastata L. 'Common' Vervain. Erect; lvs. lanceolate, acuminate, incisely 

 serrate, petiolate, tho lower ones lobed or hastate; spikes erect, dense, slender, 

 panicled ; fls. imbricated. — 2f Frequently by roadsides and in low grounds, 

 mostly throughout tho U.S. and Can. St. 3 to Gf high, with paniculate, opposite 

 branches above. Lvs. rough and rugous, 2 to 4' long, variously toothed. Fls. 

 Hinall, blue, arranged in long, close, imbricated spikes which are erect aud parallel. 

 Jl. — Sept. § Eur. (V. paniculata Lam.) — Varies with tho lvs. incised or pinnati- 

 fid, aud spikes loose-flowered ; — evidently hybrids. (Engelm.) 



4 V. urticaefclia L. Erect, subpubesccnt ; lvs. ovate and cvate-lanceolate, serrate, 

 acute, petiolate; spikes axillary and terminal, loose filiform ; fls. separate ; bracts 

 shorter than the calyx. — If About roadsides and rubbish. A weed of uninviting 

 appearance, 2 to of high, with lvs. resembling thoso of the nettle. It has long, 

 slender, weak, green divergent spikes remotely filled with small, white, distinct 

 flowers. Seeds 4. JL, Aug. § Eur. 



5 V. ctricta Vent. Mullein-leaved Vervain. Ilirsute and hoary ; st. thick 

 rigidly erect, branched above; lvs. oval or obovatc, unequally dentate, sessile, acute, 

 rugous; spikes erect, strict, imbricate and d^nse-flowered. — 2f An erect, rigid, 

 and rather handsome species, in dry fields, W. States, common. Very hirsute, I 

 to 3f high. Lvs. 2 to 3',by 1 to 2', numerous, veiny and whitish beneath. Cor. 

 blue, thrice larger (4" broad) than in V. hastata. Jl. 



6 V. bractiosa Mx. Decumbent, branched, divaricate, very hairy ; lvs. laciniate, 

 rugou.s; spikes terminal, thick, many-flowered; bracts lance-linear, longer than the 

 fls., thrice longer than the calyx. — If Dry fields and roadsides, Mid. "W. and S. 



States. Whole plant hairy and hoary, 8 to 1G' long, remarkablo for its squarrous, 

 bracted spikes. Lvs. 1 to 2' long. Fls. small, blue. Jn. — Sept. (Zapania, Lam.) 



7 V- spuria L. Assurgent, divaricately branching, hairy ; lvs. ovate-lunccolaie, Z-ckft, 

 laciniately lobed and toothed; spikes slender, loose; bracts a Utile longer than the 

 calyx. — H Conn., Md. to Ga. An unsightly plant, with a square stem, I to 2f 

 high, half erect, di- and trichotomou3 above. Lvs. attenuate and subpetiolate at 

 base. Spikes 3 to G' long, dense beforo flowering, looso jifter. Cal. 1'' long, cor. 

 2", blue. Aug., Sept — Differs from V. offieir.alis of Europe in its petiolate lvs. 

 and longer bracts. 



