Order 90.— BORRAGINACEiE. 561 



9. LITHOSPER'MUM, L. Grammell or Gromwell. (Gr. Xtdog, 

 a stone, and OTceppa, seed ; the seeds being bard and sbining like little 

 pebbles.) Calyx 5-parted, persistent ; corolla funnel-form or salver- 

 form ; limb 5-lobed, orifice open, or with 5 gibbous appendages, alter- 

 nating -with the stamens ; anthers included ; stigma obtuse, bifid ; 

 achenia bony, rugous or smooth, imperforate at base. — Herbaceous or 

 sr.ffruticous, generally with a thick, reddish root. Fls. spiked or ra- 

 cemed, bracted, white or yellow. 



§ Achenia rugous-tubercled. Corolla throat open, not appendaged Ko. 1 



§ Achenia smooth and white. Corolla throat appendaged. — Flowers white .Kos. 2—4 



— Flowers yellow r\os. 5 — 7 



1 L. arvense L. "Wueat-tiiief. Lvs. linear-lanceolate, obtuse, hairy ; cal. nearly 

 equal to the corolla, with spreading segments ; ach. rugous. — (j! A rough, trou- 

 blesome weed, in fields and waste grounds. Stem branching, erect, 12 — 15' high, 

 from a fusiform root with reddish bark. Lvs. bright green, rough, sessile, 1 — 2' 

 in length, with only the central vein ; the lower ones obtuse and narrowed to the 

 base ; upper ones subacute. Fls. small, white, subsessile, solitary, in the axils 

 of the upper leaves. May, Jn. § Eur. 



2 L. officinale L. Erect, very branching above ; lvs. lanceolate, acute, veiny ; 

 cal. nearly equal to the tube of the corolla ; ach. smooth. — It A rough, grayish plant, 

 in dry, gravelly soils, N. and Mid. States. Sts. much branched, clustered, arising 

 1 to 2f from a white, fusiform root. Lvs. grayish green, rough on the upper side, 

 hairy beneath, rather acute, entire, 2 to 3' by 6 to 9''. Fls. small, white, axil- 

 lary, solitary, pedicellate, in recurved, leafy spikes. Achenia ovate, polished, 

 stony, usually but 1 or 2 perfected. Jl. § Eur. 



3 L. latifolium Mx. Erect, subsimplo, scabrous ; lvs. ovate, sharply acuminate. 

 tapering to the sessile base, veined, scabrous ; rac. leafy, few-flowered ; stp. lauce- 

 linear, longer than the corolla, and spreading in fruit ; ach. pUnctate with minute 

 impressions, shining white, ovoid-turgid. — Woods and thickets, N. Y. to 111. and 

 Va. Sts. many from the same root, strict, 2f high. Lvs. 2 to 4' by 1 to 2', 

 strongly veined. Nuts generally but 2, half as long as tho calyx. Fls. small, 

 white. 



4 L. angustifolium Mx. Procumbent at base, much branched, roughish and 

 somewhat hoary with an appressed pubescence ; lvs. linear, rigid, edges slightly 

 revolule; fls. scattered, lateral; ach. roundish-ovoid, shining, but punctate with 

 minute impressions. — Sand prairies, along rivers, Wis. (Lapham) to Ark. and 

 westward. Plant 6 to 15' high. Lvs. 1' long. Fls. small, cor. white, scarcely 

 longer than the calyx. 



5 L. canescens Lehmann. Puccoox. Erect, subsimplo, softly villous; lvs. ob- 

 long or linear-oblong, obtuse, silky-canescent above, villous beneath ; fls. axil- 

 lary ; tube of the cor. thrice as long as the very short calyx. — 2£ Prairies, fields, and 

 dry hills, Can. N. Y. to 111. and S. States. St. 8 to 12' high, erect, simple, rarely 

 a little branched above. Lvs. sessile, 2 to 3" wide and 4 times as long, 1-veiued. 



} Fls. crowded near the summit of the stem. Cal. segm. lanceolate, acute, 2" long. 

 Cor. bright orange-yellow, 6" long. Jn., Jl. The root dyes red. (Bats- 

 chia, Mx.) 



6 L. hirtum Lehm. Erect, simple, rough-hairy ; lvs. sessile, linear-lanceolate, 

 obtuse, ciliate-hirsute both sides, floral wafe-lanceolate ; cal. l/)Les linear, hirsute, 

 half as long as the corolla; cor. segm. spreading, obovate, entire, tube hispid in- 

 side at base ; ach. ovoid, shining. — % W. and S. States, in dry soils. Sts. 8 to 

 15' high, clustered. Fls. crowded. Cor. orange-yellow, 7 to S" long. CaL 

 segm. enlarged in fruit. Apr.— Jn. (Batschia Carilonensis Gmel.) 



7 L. longixlorus Spreng. Erect, strigous with a cinerous pubescence ; lower lvs. 

 lance-linear, attenuated to the base, upper ones linear, acutish ; rac. leafy, termi- 

 nal ; cal. segm. linear, much longer than the pedicel ; cor. tube 4 times hnger than 

 the calyx, lobes crenulate, wavy. — 7\. Yfis. to Natchitoches, La. (Hale.) St. 1 to 

 15' high, slender, branched near tho top. Lvs. 2 to 3' long, 2 to 4" wide, thtt 

 floral scarcely as long as tho flowers. Cor. yellow, the tube 9 to 12" long. Fr. 

 much shorter than the calyx, smooth, white. Jl. (Pentalophu3, DC.) 



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