Ordbb 90.— BORRAGINACE^E. 563 



12. ECHINOSPER'MUM, Swartz. Burr-seed. (Gr. fy&vog, the sear 

 urchin, oniipfia, seed ; from the character.) Calyx 5-parted ; corolla 

 hypoerateriform, orifice closed with concave scales ; achenia 4, erect, 

 bearing 1 to 3 rows of echinate prickles, smooth betweeu, compressed 

 or angular, fixed to a central column. — Herbs with bracted rac. and 

 small, blue fls. 



E. Lappula Lehm. St. branched above; lvs. lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 

 hairy ; cor. longer than the calyx, the border erect-spreading ; ach. each with 2 

 rows of hooked prickles on the margin. — (T) An erect herb, in dry soils, roadsides, 

 N. States to Arc. Am. Stem having a dry. grayish aspect, from its dense lmir3, 

 about a foot high, undivided except at the top, where it branches into a kind of 

 panicle. Leaves 1' by 1 — 2", sessile. Flowers very small, blue. Jl. (Roche- 

 lia Ream. Cynoglossum Scop.) 



13. CYROGLOS'SUM, Tourn. Hound's Tongue. (Gr. ktov, a dog, 

 yX&ooa, tongue ; from the form of the long, soft leaves.) Calyx im- 

 parted ; corolla short, infundibuliform, vaulted ; orifice closed by 5 con- 

 verging, convex scales; achenia covered with echinate prickles, de- 

 pressed, forming a broad, pyramidal fruit, and each fixed laterally to 

 the style. — Cor. blue, purple or white. 



§ Racemes without bracts or nearly so Nos. 1, 2 



§ Racemes bracted at base, but the pedicels always extra-axillary No. S 



1 C. officinalis L. Common Hound's Tongue. Silky-pubescent, leafy io the top ; 

 root-lvs. lance-oblong, attenuate at base to a petiole, upper sessile or amplexicaul ; 

 rac. bractless, paniculate, not stalked ; nuts margined in front. — U Waste grounds, 

 pastures, common. Plant of a dull green color, emitting a disagreeable smell. 

 St. erect, hairy, 1 to 2f high. Lvs. with soft down on both sides, entire, G to 10' 

 by 1 to 2', tapering into a long, attenuated base, the upper much smaller. Clus- 

 ters terminal, panicled, recurved at the end. Fls. with a downy calyx and n 

 dull red corolla. Cal. leaf-like in fruit. Sds. rough with hooked prickles. Jl. 

 § Eur. 



2 C. Virgiuicum L. Hirsute-pilous ; lvs. oblong-oval, acute, upper ones clasp- 

 ing, cordate, all on the lower half of the stem ; corymb terminal, leafless, on a long, 

 naked peduncle. — U Inhabiting woods and thickets, Vt. to Va. and 111., rare in N. 

 Eng. A hairy plant, 2f high, simple, bearing at the top of its leafless summit a 

 small, panicled corymb of pale purple flowers. Radical lvs. 5 to 6' long and half 

 as wide. Cal. and pedicels very hairy. Jn. (C. amplexicaulo Mx.) 



3 C. Morrisdni DC. Beggar-ticks. St. widely branched ; lvs. oblong-lanceo- 

 late, acuminate, scabrous above, pubescent beneath; rac. divaricate, dichotomous; 

 fr. densely covered with prickles, doubly barbed at the point. — CD In rocky 

 grounds and rubbish, Can. to Fla. St. furrowed, 2 to 3f high, with many slen- 

 der, remote, wide-spread branch's, each terminating in a centrifugal, racemous 

 inflorescence. Lvs. entire, remote, large (4 to 8' long), tapering to each end, the 

 lower ones petioled. Fls. very small, white, the pedicels nodding in fruit. JL 

 (Echinospermum Virginicum Lehm.) 



Order XCI. HYDROPHYLLACE^E. Hydrophylls. 



Herbs mostly, with alternate lobed leaves and regular bluish flowers. Calyx 5- 

 cleft, usually with appendages at the clefts, persistent, free. Corolla 5-lobed, often 

 with 10 honey scales or furrows near the base. Stamens 5, inserted into the cor- 

 olla, with a deeply bifid style. Ovary entire, ovoid, free, 1-celled, with 2 parietal, 

 Beveral-seeded placenta?. Fruit 2-valved, filled by the placenta. Seeds reticulated, 

 albuminous. 



Conera IS, species 77, chiefly American. Properties unimportant. 



