Obdeb 99.— OLEACE^E. 597 



-.i4uuch cultivated. Tho deliriously fragrant oil of Jasmino of tho shops is extracted 

 from this plant, f Asia. 



Order XCTX. OLE ACE JE. Olives. 



Trees and shrubs with opposite, simple, sometimes pinnate-leaves, with /lowers 4- 

 parted, regular, rarely apetalous, tho corolla valvato in the bad. Stamens 2 to 4, 

 mostly 2, and fewer than tho corolla lobes. Ovary 2-cellod, with 2 suspended ovules 

 in each cell, and fruit fleshy or capsular, seeds 4 (or fewer by abortion), with abun- 

 dant albumen. Fig. 265. 



Genera 24, species 180,natives of temperate climates. Tho ash is very abundant in N. Amer- 

 ica. The Phillyreas and the Syringas aro all Oriental. 



Properties. — Olive oil is expressed from the pericarp of the Otic; (Ole.i Europwa). The bark 

 of this tree, anil also of the ash, is bitter, astringent, and febrifugal. Manna, a .sweet, pontlo 

 purgative, is the concrete discharge of several species of the Fraxinns, particularly of the Euro- 

 poaxi F. Ornus. Tho species of the ash arc- well known for their useful timber. 



TRICES AXD GEXERA. 



I. FRAXINE/E. — Fruit a dry, -winded samara. Leaves pinnate Fuaxtnts. J 



II. SYELN'GE.E. — Fruit a dry, --celled capsule. Leaves mostly simple (a). 



a Calyx persistent ; corolla salver-form cyanic Sybisoa. 2 



a Calyx deciduous ; corolla subcsvmpanulate, yellow Fi>rj>\TniA. 5 



III. OLEI.N'EyE.— Fruit a fleshy drupe or berry. Corolla present. Leaves simple (b). 



b Corolla lobes long, linear, pendulous, 6tamens included Ch:oxantiiu8. 4 



b Corolla lobes short. Stamens included. Fruit a borry Lioustkum. 5 



b Corolla lobes sbort. Stamens exserted (c). 



C Style 2-parted. Leaves serrate, Oswantiil-s. 6 



C Stylo simple. — Drupe shell bony. (Panicles axillary) Ot.r.A. I 



—Drupe shell papery. Panicles terminal Visiania. S 



IV. FORESTIERE^E. — Fruit a fleshy drupe. Corolla none. Leares simple. . Fobestjkka. D 



I. FRAX'INUS, Tonrn. (Gr. 0ap; r f c, a separation; from the facility 

 with which the wood splits.) Polygamous or dioecious; calyx 4-toothed, 

 rarely obsolete ; petals 2 or 4, coherent at base, oblong or linear, or al- 

 together wanting ; stamens 2 ; stigma bifid ; samara 2-celled, flattened, 

 winged at apex, cells 2-ovulcd, but 1-seeded ; seeds pendulous, com- 

 pressed. — Trees or shrubs, with opposite, odd-pinnate lvs. and lis. ra- 

 oemed or panicled. American species arc all dicecious and apetalous 

 trees. 



S Flowers with a corolla of 4 or 2 white, linear-oblong petals. Cultivated Ko. 8 



S Flowers apetalous, polygamous. Leaflets 1 1 to 13. Cultivated '.*.".". No. T 



, Flowers apetalous, dioecious. Fruit always winged at apex (*). 



* Calyx persistent at the terete base of the samara. jfo. 1 



* Calyx persistent at tho narrow, flattened base, of the samara Nus. 2 ( 



* Calyx none, tho samara naked at tho broad base Nus. G, 8 



1 F. Americana L. White Ash. Lfts. 1 to 9, petiolulate, ovate or lance-ob- 

 long, acuminate, entire or obscurely subserrate, shining above, glaucous beneath ; 

 petioles and branchlets terete, smooth; buds yellowish-velvety; panicles com- 

 pound, axillary, loose ; samara linear-oblong, obtuse, narrower and terete at tho 

 calyculato base, seed portion half as long as wing. — "Woods, Can. to Ga. and La. 

 A forest tree, 40 to 80f high ; trunk 2 to 3f diam. Lvs. ] f long, usually of 1 

 smooth lfts., which are 3 to 4' by 18'' to 2'. Fruit 13 to 15" by 2 to 2.V'. "Apr., 

 May. (F. acuminata Lam. F. cpiptera Mx.) — Timber light, tough and strong, 



.much used by carriage-makers, &c. 



2 F. pubescens Walt. Red Asn. Lfts. 7 to 9, petiolulatc, ovate-lanceolato or 

 elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, subserrate, veins beneath, petioles and young branches 

 velvety -jyubescent ; samara narrow-lanceolate, obtuse, the calyculato base acuto, 

 fiattish, slightly margined by tho decurrent wing. — Swampy or low grounds, Can. 

 and U. S., more common in Fcnn. and Va. A smaller trco than No. 1, 30 

 to f>0f high, but nearly allied to it. Lark deep brown. Lfts. often reddish 



