632 Order 113.— ULMACEJE. 



sistent, with G spreading, colored segments ; stamens 3, very short, 

 filaments united at base, anthers didymous. ? Calyx as in the $ ; 

 styles 3, bifid ; capsule 3-celled ; cells 2-valved, 1 — 2-seedcd. — Herbs 

 or shrubs with alternate, stipulate leaves and minute, axillary flowers. 



P. Carolinensis Walt. (P. obovatus Willd.) St. erect, herbaceous, with alter- 

 nate branches ; lvs. simple, entire, glabrous, oval and obovate, obtuse, slightly 

 petioled ; fls. few, subsolitary, axillary. — (£) A small-leaved, delicate plant, Penn. 

 to III. and South. Stem 6 — 10' high, slender, the branches filiform. Leaves of 

 the stem G — 8 " by 4 — 5", of the branches twice, and of the branehlets four times 

 smaller. Flowers 1 — 3 in each axil, the $ with the § nearly 1" diam., whitish. 

 July, Aug. 



10. PACHYSAN'DRA, Mx. (Gr. naxvg, thick, uvdpa, stamen.) 

 Flowers 8 , apetalous, in bracteate spikes ; calyx 4-partcd ; $ stamens 4, 

 filaments distinct, large, subclavatc ; ovary a rudiment ; ? stylos 3, re- 

 curved; capsule 3-horned, 3-celled, cells 2-valved, 2-seeded. — U Herbs 

 procumbent, from long, creeping, rhizomes. Lvs. nearly glabrous, alter- 

 nate, exstipulate. Spikes situated below the lvs. 



P. procumbens Mx. Sts. simple ; lvs. few. oval, coarsely crcnatc-toothed, nar- 

 rowed into a slender petiole ; spikes from near the base of the stem, oo-liowered, 

 the fertile below the sterile each subtended by 2 or 3 narrow bracts. — Mts. of 

 Va. and E. Tenn. to Ga. Sts. 6 to 9' long. Lvs. 1 to 2', all cf them above tho 

 few spikes which are about tho same length. Mar. — May. 



11. BUX'US, L. Box-wood. (The Greek name of this plant was 

 nv^oc.) Flowers £>, axillary. — $ Calyx 3-leaved, petals 2; sta. 4, with 

 the rudiment of an ovary. $ Cal. 4-sepaled ; pet. 3 ; sty. 3 ; caps. 

 with 3 beaks and 3 cells ; seeds G. — Shrubs and trees. Lvs. evergroen, 

 opposite. 



B. sempervirens L. Lvs. ovate: petioles hairy at edge; anth. ovate, sag- 

 ittate. — Var. angustifolia has narrow, lanceolate leaves. Var. suffruticosa, 

 the dwarf box has obovate leaves and a stem scarcely woody, highly esteemed 

 for edgings in gardens. — The box with its varieties is native of Europe, and fur- 

 nishes tho well-known box-wood so extensively used by engravers, mathematical 

 instrument makers, &c. 



Order CXIII. ULMACEiE. Elmworts. 



Trees witli a colorless juice, alternate, deciduous leaves and stipules, with the 

 /lowers perfect, or abortively polygamous, in looso clusters, never in aments. Calyx 

 subcampauulatc, bearing tho stamens opposite to its lobes, filaments straight, ovary 

 free, 1 or 2-eelled, with two stigmas, forming in fruit a samara or a drupe. Seed 

 suspended, with no albumen and leafy cotyledons. Fig. 4G. E. 115, 437. 



Genera 9, species 60, native of the northern temperate zone. 



Properties. — Astringent, mucilaginous, innoxuons, Tho mucilaginous bark of the Slippery Elm 

 (Ulmus i'ulva) is the only important medicinal product. Most of the Kims afford excellent timber. 



I. UL'MUS, L. Elm. (The Latin name, from elm, Teutonic.) Flowers 

 # . Calyx campanulate, 4 to 8-cleft ; stamens 4 to 8 ; styles 2 ; ovary 

 compressed forming a flattened samara with a broad membranous bor- 

 der. — Trees, rarely shrubs. Lvs. scabrous, often absupt at base. Fit. 

 fasciculate or raccmed, appearing before the lvs. 



§ Samara ciliate-fringcd with hairs, and on slender pedicels, (a) 



a Flowers and fruit corymbous-umbellate. Brandies not corky No. 1 



a Flowers and fruit manifestly raccmed. Branches corky Nos. 2, 3 



§ Bi-.inara destitute of a fringe, subscssilo or short pedicek-d Nos. 4— Q 



