Order 118.— JUGLANDACE^. 641 



3-parted; stamens 4—6; anthers hairy. $ Calyx 4-cleft, superior; 

 corolla ; style ; stigma divided, 2-lobed, the lobes bifid ; epicarp 

 4-vaIved ; nucleus subquadrangular, even. — Large trees, with hard and 

 stroncr timber. Lfts. few. Both kinds of fis., and the lvs. from the 

 *ainc bud, the $ terminal. Pith continuous. 



« Leaflets 18, to 15, scythe-shaped. Not oblonsr, thin-shelled, very swoct No. 1 



^ Leetltts 7 to 11. Nut with a tender shell and very bitter kernel Nos. 2, i 



k Leaflets 5 to 9.— Nut roundish, hard-shelled, sweet and eatable. (*) 



* Valves of the epicarp distinct to the base. Bark with loose plates Nos. 4, 5 



* Valves of the epicarp united below. Bark continuous, firm Nos. 6 — 8 



1 C. olivaeformis Nutt. Pecan-nut (pe-cawn). Lf. with a slender petiole 

 and 13 or 15 lanceolate-falcate lfts., all acuminate, sharply serrate and short pot- 

 iolulate, fr. oblong, 4-angled, valves distinct ; nut (olive-shaped) oblong, with a 

 thin shell and delicious kernel — Low, inundated river banks, Ind. (Wabash), I1L 

 to La. At Terro Haute are specimens 80 to 90f high, with a rough, shaggy bark, 

 the smaller with bark slightly broken. Lfts. seldom less than 13, often 15, 5 or 

 6' long, by 1 to 2', decidedly falcate, nearly smooth. The kernel fills the shell, 

 and not being divided by bony partitions, is easily extracted. Its rich flavor is 

 well known. Mar. — May. 



2 C. amara Nutt Bitternut. Lfls. about 9, ovate-oblong, acuminate, sharply 

 serrate, smooth both sides except the pubescent veins and midvein, odd one sub- 

 sessile, the rest sessile ; fir. subglobous, with the sutures prominent above, valves 

 half united; nut white, very thin-shelled, smooth, subglobous; kernel bitter.— 

 Grows in most of the U. S., but attains its greatest size in Penn. and along tho 

 Ohio valley. Winter bud orange yellow. The nut may be broken by the fingers 

 and contains a kernel so bitter that animals will scarcely touch it. May. 



3 C. aqtiatica Nutt Water Bitternut. Lfts. about 11, lanceolate, oblique, 

 acuminate, subentire, sessile, the odd one petiolulate, fruit pedunculate, ovate, sutures 

 prominent; nut small, angular, compressed, with a very tender, reddish shell and 

 bitter kernel. — Southern States, in swamps and rice-field ditches. Tree 30 to 40f 

 high. Lfts. slightly inequilateral, of a shining rich green both sides, resembling 

 the peach leaf Fruit wholly unpalatable, and timber of little value. Apr. 



4 C. alba Nutt. Shagbark. Lf. long-petioled, of 5 lfts., tho 3 upper oblanceo- 

 late, the 2 lower much smaller, oblong-lanceolate, the terminal petiolulate, lateral 

 sessile, all subacuminate, sharply serrulate, downy beneath ; fir. depressed-globular ; 

 valves distinct; nut roundish, compressed, subquadrangular, with a thin shell and 

 large, sweet kernel. — Native from Me. to Wis., S. to Ga. In forests it is very 

 tall, straight and slender, with a rough, shaggy bark consisting externally of long 

 broad plates loosely hanging. Lfts. uniformly 5, the 2 lower deflexed, odd one 

 tapering to a stalk 5 to 8" long. Aments 3 on each stalk, long, slender, pendu- 

 lous. Fertile (Is. 2 or 3 together, sessile, terminal. Wood straight-grained, very 

 fjrtile, heavy, elastic, excellent as timber or fuel, while the fruit is of tho richest 

 flavor. Apr., May. 



5 C. sulcata Nutt Tuick-shellbark. Lfts. 1 or 9, oblanceolate, acuminate, 

 sharply serrate, the odd one subsessile, attenuate to the base ; fr. large, oval, subquad- 

 rangular, 4-furrowed, valves opening to the baso; nut longer than broad, pointed 

 at each end, with a very thick shell and rich-flavored kernel. — Penn. to Ga., rare, 

 but common, W. of the Alleghanies. Tree 40 to 80f high, with a shaggy bark 

 in loose narrow plates. Lfts. often 9, the lower pair smaller, odd one generally 

 sessile. — a good mark of distinction. Nut usually twice larger than in C. alba, 

 end scarcely less delicious. Mar. — May. 



6 C. tomentosa Nutt. Mockernut. Leaf of 1 or 9 lfts., odd 1ft petiolulate, 

 tho lateral sessile, all oblong-lanceolate, obscurely serrate or entire, rough-downy 

 lentalh as well as the thick petiole; aments very slender, hairy; fr. globular or 

 euboval, valve3 united at base ; nut subhexagonal, with a very thick sheU and 

 well-flavored kernel. — Nativo throughout the country but more abundant West 

 and South. A large tree 40 to 60f high in woods. Bark thick and rugged, but 

 not scaly. Winter bud large, hard, grayish white. Lvs. strongly resinous-scented. 

 Fruit varying in sizo from 1' to 2' diam., with a very thick husk, rounded shell, 



41 



