Order 119.— CUPULIFERjE. 643 



J Leaves mostly entire, the ends subequal, th« petioles very short. Fruit ©. (•) 



» Peduncle longer than the oblong acorn. Leaves evergreen No. 1 



* Peduncle shorter than the acorn. — Leaves downy beneath Nos. 2, 3 



— Leaves smooth both sides Nos. 4, 5 



| Leaves 8-lobed and dilated above, short-petioled, atoiUess when mature. Fr. (2).. Nos. 6, 7 

 { Leaves 3 to 9-lobed or pinnatifld, broad, lobes setaceoudy atoned. Fruit ©• (,*) 



* Leaves at base cuneate, short-petioled, 3 or 5-lobed. Shrubs or small trees.. ..Nos. 8 — 10 



* Leaves at base abrupt or truncate, mostly long-petioled, 7 to 9-lobed. (a) 



a Nut one-third immersed in the saucer-shaped, fine-scaled cup Nos. 11, 12 



a Nut near half immersed, in the hemispherical, coarse-scaled cup. (b) 



b Leaves cincrous-downy beneath, acorn also downy No. IS 



b Leaves (except when young) glabrous both sides Nos. 14 — 16 



I Leaves 5 to 9-lobed. divisions obtuse, never hristle-awned. Fruit ®, sessile Nos. 17 — 19 



§ Leaves 13 to 25-toothed, downy beneath, teeth awnless. Acorn sweet, eatable, (c) 



C Acorns large (1' long) pedunculate Nos. 20, 21 



C Acorns small (8" long) nearly sessile Nos. 22, 23 



1 Q. virens Ait. Live Oak. ' Lvs. coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, downy 

 and paler beneath; cup turbinate; nut oblong-obovoid, on a slender peduncle. — 

 In the maritime or low districts of the S. States. Tree 40 to 50, rarely 70f high, 

 of slow growth. Branches widely spreading. Bark blackish and thick. Wood 

 very heavy, close-grained, yellowish. Lvs. IS" to 3' long, short petioled, the old 

 ones cinereus-green, revolute-edged. Peduncle about 1' long, acorn 9" by 6", 

 maturing the second year. May. — The timber is in great demand for ship build- 

 ing and is fast disappearing. 



2 Q. cinera Ph. Upland "Willow Oak. Lvs. coriaceous, tardily deciduous, 

 lanceolate-oblong, entire, apex acutish, mucronate, margin revolute, white-downy 

 beneath, attenuate at base ; cup subsessile, saucer-shaped, nut subglobous. — Sandy or 

 pine barrens, Va, to Fla. A shrub or small tree, 4 to 20f high, trunk not exceed- 

 ing 4 to 6' diam. Lvs. partly persistent, 1' to 30'' long, resembling those of tha 

 live oak, but mucronate, and on the shrubby stocks often toothed. May. 



/?. seiucea. Dwarf; lvs. silky; tomentous beneath, 1 to 3' long, deciduous. — 

 South, in pine barrens. (Q. sericea Ait. Q. pumila Mx.) 



5 Q. imbricaria Mx. Laurel Oak. Shingle Oak. (Fig. 138.) Lvs. decid- 

 uous, lance-oblong, acute at each end, briefly petiolato, very entire, shining-glab- 

 rous above, subpubescent beneath (but not hoary), mucronate at apex; acorn sub- 

 globou-J, in a shallow cup ; scales of the cup broad-ovate. — A beautiful tree, very 

 abundant in the W. States, also common along rivers, Penn. to Ga. Trunk 40 — 

 60f high, 1 — 2f diam., with a smooth unbroken bark, and a large head of coarse, 

 irregular branches. The leaves are dark green, thick and firm in texture, 3 — 5' 

 by 1 — 11', forming a dense, heavy foliage. June. — The timber makes miserable 

 shingles. In Indiana it is called Jack-Oak. 



♦ Q. Phellos L. Willow Oak. Lvs. deciduous, Unear-lanceolaie, tapering to 

 each end, very entire, glabrous, mucronate at apex ; acorn subglobous, in a shallow 

 cup. — A tree 30 to 60f high, borders of swamps, N. J. to Fla. and W. States. 

 Trunk straight, 10 to 20' diam., covered with a smooth, thick bark. The leaves 

 which bear considerable resemblanco to those of the willow, are of a light green 

 color, dentate when young, 3 to 5' in length. Acorns G" diam. May. — Tbo 

 timber i3 of little value. 

 /?. maritima. Low, shrubby; lvs. evergreen. — Sea coast, Va. to Fla. A few 

 feet high. 



8 Q. laurifolia Mx. Swamp Laurel Oak. Lvs. oblanceolate or lance-obovate, 

 acute, mucronate, entire, or some of them with 2 lateral teeth above, glabrous both 

 8ides, base abruptly ending in a very short petiole ; cup saucer-shaped, nut de- 

 pressed-ovoid. — Damp woods, and often planted for shade, S. Car. to Fla, A treo 

 with handsome, dense foliage, partly evergreen, 30 to 50f high. Bark blackish, 

 rough. Lvs. 2 to 3' long, coriaceous, green both sides, shining above, often ap- 

 pearing tricuspidate. Ped. 1J" long. Acorn as broad as long, cup 6" across. 



ji. obtusa. Lvs. obtuse, not mucronate, sessile. — Ga. (Pond). Fruit the eame. 



6 Q. aquatica Mx. Water Oak. Lvs. wedge-obovate, entire, or mostly dilated 

 and obscurely 3-lobed above, not mucronate, glabrous both sides, gradually attenw 

 ated to a very short petiole ; cup subsessile, very shallow, nut globular. — Swamps, 

 Md. to Fla., also planted for shade. It is a handsome, round-headed tree, with 



