$44 Order 119.— CTJPULIFERiS. 



very dense foliage of a bright, shining green. Lvs. 2 to 3' kmg, 1 to 2' wid« 

 above, coriaceous, but mostly deciduous, very variable, but always cuneate. Cup 

 6" across, 1" deep. Apr., May. 



7 Q. nigra L. Barren Oak. Black Jack. Iron Oak. Lvs. coriaceous, cu- 

 neiform, obtuse or subcordate at base, mostly 3-lobcd at apex, lobes subequal, entire 

 or toothed, setaceous-mucronate when young, smooth and shining above, rust- 

 downy beneath ; villous in the axils of the veins ; cup turbinate, haff covering th* 

 globular nut; scales of the cup obtuse, scaious. — A small, gnarled tree, with 

 dark, massy foliage, in sandy soils, N. J. to 111. and S. States. Trunk 20 to 30f 

 higli, with a thick, black, broken bark. The leaves are very firm in texture, 3 to 

 1 to 8' by 2 to 5', broadest above, the middle lobo narrowest. Petioles 3 to 6" 

 long. May. — Tho wood is very valuable for fueL (Q. ferruginea Mx.) 



8 Q. triloba Mx. Downy Black Oak. Lvs. oblong-cuneiform, acute at the 

 base, on very short petioles, 3-lobed at the end, rusty-tomentous beneath, lobes mu- 

 cronate with setaceous awns, middle one longer ; fruit with a flat cup and a de- 

 pressed-globous acorn. — A tree of rapid growth, 25 to 40f high, in tho pine bar- 

 rens of N. J. to Fla. Lvs. very large, those of the young shoots 8 to 1 2' long and 

 often 5-lobed, approaching, perhaps, too closely the next. May. — It has been 

 recommended for hedges. 



9. Q. Catesbeei Mx. Barren Scrub Oak. Lvs. short-petiolate, cuneate at 

 base, deeply siuuate-lobed, glabrous on both sides, lobes 3 to 5, divaricate, acute 

 and setaceous-pointed, simple or toothed with setaceous-pointed teeth ; cup large, 

 turbinate, half covering tho ovoid nut, scales obtuse, tho upper indexed. — Pino 

 barrens, Car. to Ga. A tree 20 to 25f high, with large and very irregular leaves, 

 6 to 10' long and nearly as wide, smooth, tX length coriaceous, deciduous. Cup 

 about 8" broad, nut covered with an ashy meal. May. 



10 Q. ilicifolia "Willd. Shrub or Scrub Oak. Bear Oak. Lvs. petiolate, obo- 

 vate-cuneate, with 3 or 5 ar.gular lobes, entire on tho margin, whitish dowr.y beneaVi; 

 cup subturbinate ; acorn ovoid. — A shrub, common throughout the U. S, grow- 

 ing only on gravelly hill3 and barrens, which it occupies exclusively in largo 

 tracts. St. 3 to 4f high, divided into numerous straggling branches. Lvs. 3 to 

 4' long, petioles 6 to 12". Acorns 6" lone;, abundant, and said to be greedily 

 eaten by bears, doer, and swino. May. (Q. Bannisteri Mx.) 



P. ? Georgiana. Lvs. glabrous, except a tuft in the axils of tho veins ; cup 

 flit, covering odIv one-fourth of the ovoid nut. — On Eton© Mt., Ga. !. (Q. 

 Georgiana Ravunel.) 



11 Q. rubra L. Red Oak. Lvs. on long petioles, smooth, obtusely sinuate, 

 lobes rather acute, shallow, incisely dentate; acorn large; cup shallow aud flat, 

 smoothish ; nut turgid-ovoid. — Tho red oak is the most common species in the 

 Northern States and in Canada. It is a lofty, wide-spreading tree, 7 Of in height, 

 with a diameter of 3 or 4. Leaves 6 — 10' long, smooth on both sides, with deep 

 and rounded sinuses between the narrow, mucronato lobes. The flowers appear 

 in May, succeeded by largo acorns (D" long) contained in cups so shallow as rather 

 to resemble saucers. Tho wood is reddish, coarse-grained, of littlo value as timber, 

 but excellent fuel. 



12 Q. palustris Mx. Pin Oak. Water Oak. (Figs. 6—9.) Lvs. on long 

 petioles, oblong, deeply lobed with broad, rounded sinuses, smooth, axils of the 

 veins tufted-villous beneath, lobes divaricate, rather i.arrow, dentate, acuto; cup 

 flat, smooth ; acorn small, nearly spherical. — The pin oak is most luxuriant in the 

 W. States, and the adjacent districts of other States, rare in N. Eng., growing in 

 swamps and cold, clay soils. Height 60 to 80f, with a diameter of 2 to 4, and 

 light, open foliage. Bark blackish. Leaf lobes narrower than tho spaces between. 

 Wood coarse-grained, littlo esteemed as timber. Acorns 1" long, round, in slial- 

 low cups. May. 



13 Q. falcata L. Spanish" Oak. Lvs. long-petiolate, elongated, obtuse or 

 rounded at base, ashy-to.nentou3 beneath, deeply sinuate lobed, lobes 5 to 7, 

 rarely 3, uarrow, bristle-pointed, simple or toothed, more or les3 falcate; acorn 

 small, roughened, globular, cup shallow, subsessile, its margin incurved. — Ya. to 

 Fla., in the lower districts. A tree of large dimensions, 60 to 70f high, most 

 flourishing in Mid. Fla. Lvs. 6 to C long, on vigorous shoots much larger, peti- 



