Oqder 119.— CUPULIFKILE. 64& 



oles about 2' long. Cup C" across, H" deep. Nut fuscous, with a brown, as- 

 tringent seed Timber reddish, coarse-grained. Apr., May. 



ii. trinacris. Lvs. 3 and 5-lobed. the terminal lobe long and narrow-lanceo- 

 late, narrowed to its base; petioles 3' long. — Large trees at Tallaliassee. 



14 Q. tinctoria Bartram. Black Oak. Yellow-bakk Oak. Lvs. obovete- 

 oblong, sinuate-lobed or pinnatitid, pubescent beneath, finally glabrous, lobes oblong, 

 obtuse, mucronate; cup thick, shallow; acorn depressed globous. — Found through- 

 out the U. S. It is one of the loftiest trees of the forest, 80 to 90f in height, and 

 4 to 5f diam. Bark deeply furrowed, black or deep brown, yellow within. Lvs. 

 C to 8 long, broadest toward the end, quite variable, yellowish after frost. Acorns 

 brown, 7" diam., about half covered with the subsessile, scaly cup, which is 9" 

 diam. Bark U3ed in tanniug, also yields quercitron, a useful dye. 



15 Q. coccinea "Wang. Scarlet Oak. Lvs. on long petioles, oblong in outline, 

 deeply sinuate-pinnatifid, smooth and shining both sides, nearly truncate at base, 

 lobes divaricate, dentate, acute; cup turbinate, scaly; acorn short, ovate. — Most 

 abundant in the Middle and Southern States, but is often met with in the more 

 southern part3 of N. Eng. to 111. It is a large tree, 80f in height, with a diameter 

 of 3 or 4. Leaves of a bright, shining green, with 3 or 4 deep sinuses each side, 

 remarkably rounded and broad at the base. By the frosts of autumn they are 

 changed to scarlet, unlike those of the red oak, which become dull red or brown. 

 Acorns large, similarly rounded at both ends, half immersed in the cup. Bark 

 very thick, used in tanning. 



16 Q. heteropkylla Mx Bartram's Oak. Lvs, on long petioles, coriaceous, 

 oblong or oblong-ovate, round or subcordato at base, margin with a few shallow, 

 tooth-like lobes, or often only wavy, lobes setaceous-acuminate; acorn subglobous, 

 In a hemispherical cup; scales of the cup oblong-ovate, obtuse. — Ohio to 111., rare. 

 Lvs. exceedingly variable, 4 to G' by 1£ to 2', smooth and shining above, tomen- 

 tous along tho veins beneath, generally broad and abrupt at base. Fruit 9" diam. 

 (Q. Leana Nutt ? Clark.) Our specimens well agree to Michaux's figure and 

 character. 



17 Q. alba L. White Oak. (Fig. 139.) Lvs. short-petioled, cuneate at base, 

 cblong in outline, at length coriaceous and smooth, sinuate-pinnatifid, lobes mtbequal, 

 obtuse; acorn sessilo; nut ovoid or oblong, only a third immersed in the subhemi- 

 spherical, tubercular cup. — U. S. and Can. A tree preeminent among the sons of 

 the forest for grandeur, strength, and usefulness. With a diameter of 4 to 6f, it 

 attains the height of 70 to 80f, but its magnitude varies greatly with the soil. 

 Lvs. 3 to 5' long, downy beneath when young. Acorn 8 to 9" long. Bark whit- 

 ish Timber useful for innumerable purposes, and the bark for tanning and io 

 medicine. May, Jn. 



18 Q. inaerocarpa Mx. (Fig. 140, 194.) Lvs. deeply and lyrately sinuate-lobed 

 (most deeply in the middle)., lobes obtuse and repand, upper dilated ; acorn very 

 large, cup very deep, composed of distinctly imbricated and hard-pointed scales, 

 the upper fililbrm-pointed, forming a fringe; nut globular ovoid, more than half 

 inclosad. — N. Eng. (rare) to I1L and S. States. Tree 60 to 7 Of high, with rich, 

 green foliage. Lvs. downy beneath, at length nearly smooth, 6 to 10 to 15' long, 

 stalks not 1'. Acorns 12 to 15" long, sometimes nearly fringeless or nearly cov- 

 ered. May. (Q. lyrata Mx.) A beautiful tree, with valuable timber. (Also Q. 

 olivajformis Mx.) 



19 Q. obtusiloba Mx. Ibon Oak. Lvs. deeply sinuate, cuneiform at the base, 

 pubescent beneath, lobes very obtuse, the 3 upper ones dilated, each 2-lobed ; cup 

 hemispherical; acorn oval. — Tho iron oak, called also post oak, box white oak, tur- 

 key oak, is common in the Mid., W. and S. States, rare in N. Eng. It is a tree of 

 moderate size, with widely spreading and very crooked branches. The bark is 

 grayish-white. Lvs. thick, strongly tomentous beneath, in 4 or 5 lobes, which 

 aro sometimes arranged so as to appear cuneiform or stellate. Acorns very sweet 

 Timber is fine grained, strong, and durable. May. (Q. stellata Willd.) 



20 Q. Frinus Willd. Swamp Chestnut Oak. Lvs. on long petioles, obovate, 

 acute, pubescent beneath, with large, someivhat equal, obtuse or rounded teeth; 

 acorn short-paduneled, large ; cup tubercular, about half inclosing the ovoid nut 

 —This oak is seldom met with in N. Eng., but abounds in tho rest of the country. 



