Order 12L— CONIFERS. 061 



an;l scaly bark, gnarled spreading branches, 20 to 30f high. Lvs. 18 to 30" long, 

 cones finally 2 to 3' long, the spines fully 3'' long, the points hooked. In tb« 

 young cones the spines aro projecting, with the points hooked. Brauchlets bluish 

 red. Resembles the next. 



7 P. inops Ait. Jersey or Scrub Pine. Lvs. ia pairs, rather slwrt, obtuse, rigid, 

 channeled above, terete beneath, margins obscurely serrulate ; cones recurved, 

 ovoid-oblong, as long as the leaves ; scales compact, obtuse at base, with a straight, 

 imbulate prickle. — A tree 15 — 25f high, on barrens in the Middlo States. Branches 

 straggling, and, with the trunk, covered with a rough, blackish bark. Branehleta 

 glaucous. Leaves 1 — 2' long. The wood abounds in resin. May. 



8 P. resinosa Ait. Norway Tine. Red Pine. Lvs. in pairs, channeled elon- 

 gated, with elongated sheaths ; cones ovoid-conic, rounded at t bo base, subsolitary, 

 about half as long as the lvs. ; scales without spines, dilated in the middle. — It 

 abounds in the northern parts of the U. S. and in Canada, attaining the height 

 of 80f, with a trunk of 2f ia diameter, very straight and uniform. Bark smoother, 

 and of a clearer red than other pines. Leaves chiefly collected towards the ends 

 of the branches, always in pairs, 5 — 8' in length, tho sheaths G to 12". Timber 

 fine-grained, resinous, strong and durable. May. (P. rubra, Mx.) 



9 P. Banksiana Lambert. Scrub Pine. Lvs. in pairs, rigid, curved, slwrt, 

 acute, terete upon the back and channeled above, margins somewhat scabrous ; 

 cones ovate-acuminate, recurved, tortuous, longer than the lvs., scales withoat 

 epines, obtuse, smooth. — A small tree, with long, spreading, flexible branches, 

 abounding in barrens, in Me. to Wis. and British America. Leaves about an inch 

 in length. Cones nearly twico as long as tho leaves, usually in pairs. Apr., May. 

 (P. ruprestris Mx.) 



2. A'BIES, Tourn. Spruce Fir. $ Amer.ts axillary, clustered to- 

 wards tho ends of the branches ; $ scales of the cone thin, fiat, not 

 thickened nor spine-pointed at the end ; seeds with a persistent wing ; 

 cotyledons 3 to 9. — Trees with evergreen, solitary, scattered lvs. never 

 sheathed at base. (Fig. 46, S.) 



§ Cones erect, bracts conspicuous with tho scales. Leaves flat, whitened beneath.. ..Nos. 1, 2 



J Cones pendant, bracts inconspicuous. — Scales rounded and entire at tip Nos. 8, 4 



— Scales eroded or dentate at tip Nos. 5, 8 



1 A. balsamea Marshall Fir Balsam. Lvs. linear, flat, obtuse, glaucous-silvery 

 beneath ; cones cyliiuiric, large (3 to 4.' long) ; scales broad, compact ; bacis obovaU;, 

 mucronak, slightly projecting. — A beautiful evergreen, common in humid forests of 

 the northern IT. S. and Can. Branches nearly horizontal, gradually becoming 

 shorter upwards, ibrming a regularly pyramidal head. Tho lvs. are little longer 

 than those cf tho hemlock (8 to 10" long) spirally arranged, bright green above, 

 Eilvery white beneath. Cones 1' thick, bluish purplo when growing. Bark 

 smooth, abounding in reservoirs filled with a resin or balsam which i3 considered 

 a valuable medicine. May. (Piaus, L. Picea Mx.) 



2 A. Fraseri Ph. Double Fir Balsam. Lvs. flat, glaucous beneath, linear, 

 often cmarginate, subsecund, erect above; cone ovoid-oblong, erect, very small! 

 bracts elongated, rcflexed, oblong-cuneate, emarginate, briefly mucronatc, incisely 

 toothed. — Smaller tree than the last, much resembling it in habit, in Mts. K. Eng. 

 to Car. Lvs. 3" long, and much crowded. Cones 1 to 2' long wheu mature, sin- 

 gularly distinguished by tho long-pointed, violet-colored, reflexed bracts. Sterilo 

 aments terminal. May. — A highly ornamented shado tree. 



3 A. Canadensis Mx. Hemlock. Lvs. linear, flat, obscurely denticulate, glaucous 

 beneath, in 2 rows ; cones ovoid, terminal, scarcely longer than the leaves ; scales 

 rounded, entire. — A well known evergreen inhabitant of rocky, mountainous 

 wcods Brit. Am. to Car. and Wis., commonly attaining tho height of 70 — 30f. Tho 

 trunk is large in proportion, straight, covered with a rough bark. Branches brit- 

 tle and nearly horizontal, with pubescent twigs. Leaves 6—8" in length, les3 

 than 1" wide, arranged in 2 opposite rows. Cones very small. Wood soft, 

 elastic, of a coarse, loose texture, not much valued for timber. Tho bark ia ex- 

 tensively used in tanning. May. (Pinus, L.) 



4 A. alba Mx. White or. Single Sfeuce. Lvs. i-sided, incurved; cones lax, 



