062 Order 127.— CONIFEEJ3. 



pendulous, subcyKndric, with entire, broadly obovate, somewhat 2-lobed scales.- 

 Very abundant in humid and rocky woods, Can. to Car. and Wis. Height 50f. 

 Trunk 1 to 2f diam. at the base, regularly diminishing upwards. Lower branches 

 longest, the others becoming gradually shorter upwards. Lvs. $ to -J' long, placed 

 on all sides of the branches. Cones small. The timber is useful in the frames of 

 buildings, &c. May. (Pinus, Ait.) 

 5 A. nigra Mx. Black or Double Spruce. Lvs. 4-cornered, scattered, straight 

 erect ; cones ovoid, pendulous ; scales elliptical-obovate, erosely dentate at the edge, erect 

 — Abounds in the the northern TJ. S. and Can., where dark, mountain forests, ar© 

 often wholly composed of it. It is a largo tree, TO — 80f high, with a straight 

 trunk and a lofty pyramidal head. The leaves thickly cover the branches, dark 

 green, little more than £' in length. Cones 1 — 2' long. Timber light, strong, 

 elastic, much used in architecture. That salutary beverage, spruco beer, is made 

 from the young branches. May. (Pinus L.) 



6 A. excelsa DC. Norway Spruce. Brandies pendulous; lvs. elongated, 

 somewhat 2-ranked ; cones long, cylindrical, pendulous ; scales broad, with a 

 slightly projecting and 2-toothed apex. — Parks and shrubberies. A tall stately 

 evergreen with dense and dark green foliage. Lvs. about 1' long, crowded. 

 Cones very showy, and elegant, 5 to 8' long, more than 1' diam. — It grows luxu- 

 riantly, and is a finer treo than any of our native species, f N. Eur. 



3. LA'RIX, Tourn. Larch. Tamarack. Aments scattered all 

 over the branches, bud-like ; $ anthers 2-celled, cells opening length- 

 wise, with simple pollen grains ; $ cones erect, oval or roundish, scales 

 colored, persistent ; 6eeds with a proper wing. — Lvs. deciduous, acerous, 

 soft, scattered, and in axillary, many-leaved fascicles. 



1 L. Americana Mx. Lvs. filiform, very slender ; cones ovoid, inclining upwards 

 oven when the branches are pendulous; scales few, thin and infiexed on, the mar- 

 gin; bracts elliptical, often hollowed at the sides, abruptly acuminate with a 

 slender point. — A beautiful tree, often seen in shrubberies, and thinly interspersed 

 in forests, Can. to Penn. and Wis. It is remarkably distinguished from the pines 

 by its deciduous leaves, the branches being bare nearly half the year. The treo 

 arises 80 — lOOf, with a straight and slender trunk and horizontal branches. 

 Leaves 1 — 2' long, collected in bunches of 12 — 20 on the sides of the branches. 

 Cones deep purple, 6 to 10" long. Wood most valuable being very heavy, strong 

 and durable. Apr., May. 



/?. pendul.v. Branches slender and drooping. — A beautiful variety. (P. pen- 

 dula Ait.) 



2 L. Europaja DC. White LARon. Lvs. fiatlish, filiform-linear ; cones ob- 

 long, scales slightly reflexed on the margin. — Rarely cultivated. Tree much re- 

 sembling No. 1, of moro rapid growth, GO to 80f high. Lvs. 1 to 2' long, cones 

 about 1'. f Eur. 



4. THITJA, Tourn. Arbor Yvtm. (Gr. dvco, to sacrifice ; the 

 wood is fragrant in burning and was used in sacrifice.) Flowers 8 . — 



£ In an imbricated ament ; anther cells 4 on each scale-like connectile ; 

 $ flowers in a cone, scales few, each bearing 2 erect ovules at the base 

 inside; seed winged ; integument membranous; cotyledons 2. — Trees 

 or shrubs. Lvs. evergreen, scale-like, imbricate and appressed to the 

 ancipital branchlets. 



1 T. occidentalis L. Branchlets spreading; lvs. imbricate in 4 rows, rhom- 

 boid-ovate, iuberculate on Hie back; cones oblong, the inner scales truncated and gib- 

 bous below the lip. — This tree is often called white cedar, and from its resemblance 

 might easily be mistaken for the Cupressus thyoides. It abounds in the northern 

 U. S. and Can. on the rocky borders of streams and lakes, and in swamps. It 

 has a crooked trunk, rapidly diminishing in size upwards, throwing out branches 

 from base to summit. The evergreen foliage consists of branchlets much more 

 flat and broad than those of the White Cedar. Cones terminal, consisting of a 

 few long, loose scales. Wood very light, soft and durable. May. 



