•702 Order 145.— SMIL ACE^E. 



glabrous, round or subcordate at base ; acuminate-cuspidate at apex ; ped. marry- 

 flowered, little longer tluin the petioles ; berries black, glaucous. — A strong, thorny 

 viu ■-, extending 10 to 40f in hedges and thickets, U. S. and Can. St. woody, 

 Smooth, except the scattered thorns which proceed from the wood. Branches 

 4-augled. Lvs 2 to 3' by 1£ to 3', cordate or tapering at bise. Tendrils strong, 

 fro n the wings of the petioles. Fls. small, greenish, in small, axillary umbels. 

 Berries round, mostly 1-seeded. Mar. — Jn. 



ft. cvduca. Smaller, with ovate, thin lvs. (S. caduca L.) 



;. QUADR.vxGULAius. Branches 4-anglod. (S. quadrangularis Muhl.) 



2 G. 3 ispicla Muhl. St. terete, climbing, hispid below with weak, slender prickles, 

 nearly unarmed above ; branchlets quadrangular; lvs. glabrous, green both sides, 

 ovat; subcordate, cuspidate, rough-edged, 5-vcined, t tin, deciduous; ped. twice as 

 long as Hie petioles ; berries black, 1 to 3-seeded. — Thickets; N. Y. to Mich, and 

 Can. Climbing 8 to 12£ Lvs. 2 to 3' long, rather broadly ovate. Ped. 1' or 

 mo.e in length; Umbels 4 to G-Qowered. Jn. 



3 S3. Walteiri Th. St. armed or unarmed, with angular branches ; lvs. cordato- 

 ov.ite, '.'.-veined (or 5-veined, the 2 outer inconspicuous), glabrous; ped. about as 

 long as the })-:tiol?s ■ berries of two forms, globular, and oblong-acuminate, red, 1 to 

 3-seeded. — Woods, in tho low districts, Va. to Fla. Straggling stems climbing in 

 thickets. Lvs. deciduous, largo (3 to 5' long), moro or less cordate. F*!s. fra- 

 grant Apr. — Jn. (3. China Walt.) 



4 G. clauca Walt. False Saesapaiiilla. St. slightly 4-anglcd and aculeate 

 above; lvs. ovate, cuspidate, 5-veined, edges smooth and entire, glaucous, espe- 

 cially beneath; ped. twice or more longer than tho petiole; berries black, with a 

 bloom, 1 — 3-seeded. — Thickets, L. IsL to G i., W. to Ky. Root long, slender. 

 St. stout, somewhat fiexuous, armed with a few scattered, hooked prickles. Lvs. 

 finally nearly orbicular, 2 to 3' diam., abruptly contracted at each end, with 3 

 strong veins and 2 lateral smaller ones. Petiobs short, margined with 2 tendrils. 

 F.3. in small, thin umbels, yellowish-white. Mar. — Jn. (3. Sarsaparilla Ph., etc., 

 nuc L. S. spinulosa Torr.) 



5 S. Pseudo-China L. St. terete, unarmed ; cauline lvs. ovate, cordate, ramial 

 ovate-oblong, all 5-veined, on short petioles; ped. fill, nearly as long as V le leaves ; 

 berries black. ? — Sandy woods, N. J. to Car., W. to Ohio. Root large, tuberous. 

 St. purplish-brown, very smooth, branching and climbing by tendrils which arise 

 from t'.io base of tho petioles. Lvs. 2 to 4' by 1 to 2', slightly hispid on tho veins 

 beneath. Ped. 2 to 3' long. May, Jn. 



6 G. Earsapariila L. ? St. and quadrangular branchlets unarmed; lvs. oblong- 

 ovate, thin, both sides green, 5-veined, cuspidate, rounded or subcordate fit base; 

 ped. fiat, a little longer than the petioles ; berries large, globular, mostly 1-secded, 

 bright pink-red when fully ripe. — River banks, N. J. ? to Ky. and La. (Mr. R. 

 Green). Rt. with long, creeping rhizomes. Vines with tendrils. Lvs. large, 3 

 to 6' long, half as wide, deciduous. Ripe fruit persistent until Spring. Ped. 1 to 

 2' long. Apr. — Jl. — This is regarded in La. as the truo medicinal Sarsaporflla. 



7 G. tamnoides L. St. terete, branches and branchlets 4-angular, fiexuous, acule- 

 ate ; lvs. glabrous, ovato with tho sides more or less concave, varying to hastate 

 or panduriform, acuminate, spinubus-scabrous on the margin, truncate or subcor- 

 date at base, 5 to 9-veined; ped. 2 to 3 times longer than petiole; berries spheri- 

 cal, black, 1-seeded. — Sandy woods, N. J. to III. and the S. States, common, 

 climbing 8 to 20f. Lvs. of various forms on different stems of the same root, 

 6hining-green both sides, tardily deciduous, or sometimes, in sheltered situations, 

 persistent all winter. Mar., Apr. — Jn. (3. panduratus, hastata, Bonanox. Ph. 

 *t auct.) 



8 G. maritima Feay. St. armed ; branches angular, fiexuous, unarmed; lvs. lan- 

 ceolate, auriculate-hastate, coriaceous, 5-nerved at base, '6-nerved above, cuspidate, 

 glabrous, edges smooth and even ; ped. twice longer than the petiole, or shorter ; 

 berries large, 2 or 3-seeded, red beforo maturity, finally black. — Sandy bluffs of 

 the salt-water rivers near the coast, Savannah and southward. Lvs. rarely some- 

 what ovate. Fls. very fragrant. Jn. (S. Beyrichii Kunth ? S. ovata Ph. Th« 

 latter name, although tho earliost, is utterly inappropriate.) 



9 G. laurifolia L. St. aculeate, terete, branches fiexuous, unarmed; lvs. coria 



