40 FLOWERS OF THE UII.I.S AM) DRY P[.ACES 



point where thev fork, pointiiiLi;" uinvards, and ihcy sweep the pollen 

 out of the cylinder, which is 8-10 mm. lont;-, jj mm. wide. Pollen 

 lines the cylinder in the first stage, and in the second the style projects 

 with 2 rows of papilke 5 7 mm. above the corolla divisions. The 

 tilanients are sensitive, protecting the pollen. When an insect touches 

 them they contract and the anthers do so also, so that pollen is 

 scjueezed out ui)on the stigma, which does not lengthen. 



Many llowerheads are pollinated by bees' visits simultaneously. 

 Tlie \isitors are Hymenoptera, Megachilc, Osniia, Cw/ioxys, S/c/is. 

 .liidroia, llaliiius. Bombiis, Psai)!»iophila\ Lepidoptera, ]'ancssa, 

 Sa/vn/s, Macroo'/ossa; a beetle, Cocciiic/Ia, and a Hemiptcrous insect 

 Caf>siis. 



The fruit is jirovided with several rows of barbed and toothed 

 pappus or hair, which assist in dispersing the fruits by aid ot the 

 wind. 



This handsome thistle is a sand-loving plant, addicted to a dry 

 sand soil. 



A beetle, Apion oiiopordi, and the flics, Trypcta Zappa-, Urophora 

 tnacrura, Eiisina soucln. Acidia heraclei, are to be discovered on it. 



Onopoi-don, Pliny, is Greek from onos, ass, and pcrdo, break wintl; 

 and Acanthiuin from acantJios, spine. 



Cotton Thistle is called Argentine Thisde, Asses' Cotton, Down, 

 Oat, Queen I\lary's, Scotch, and .Silver Thistle. It is called Queen 

 Mary's Thistle because her attendants brought it to Fotheringa\-, ami 

 Down Thistle because it is covered with wool or down. 



Essential Specific Characters: — 



172. Onopordon Acani/iiiuii, L. — Stem tall, winged, leaves rough, 

 cottony both sides, oblong, flowerhead large, purple, involucre sub- 

 globose, phyllaries spreading, imbricate, spinose. 



Autumn Gentian (Gentiana Amarella, L.) 



One of the Arctic types of plants, there is, nevertheless, no evidence 

 of the occurrence of this plant in early deposits. Its present distribu- 

 tion is the North Temperate and Arctic Zones in Arctic I-2urope, 

 Siberia, Dahuria. In Great Britain it is found in the Peninsula, 

 Channel, and Thames provinces, e.xcept in W. Kent. E. Esse.x; in 

 Anglia, except in Hunts; in the Severn province: in .S. Wales only in 

 Pembroke; in the whole of N. Wales; in the Trent province, and 

 in the Mcrsev, Humber, Tyne. and Lakes provinces, except in the 

 Isle of Man; in the E. Lowlands, except in Peebles, Selkirk, and 



