96 



1 LOWERS OF LAKES, RIVERS, ETC. 



size of the plain, luiiiieruus, in llat corymbose heads, tc-rmiiial ami 

 axillary. The lOO ray lloreis in a single row are much longer than 

 those in the disk, which are complete and 600 in number. The 

 involucral scales or phyllaries are bristle -like. The fruit is angular, 

 the pappus is hairy, and the outer pappus is minutely scalloped and 

 dirty -white. 



The stems are usually 18 in. high. The llowcrs are late, opening 

 in August and continuing through .September onward. Fleabane is a 

 herbaceous perennial increased by division. 



There arc more than 600 florets in the disk containing both stamens 



and pistil, the tube being 

 'ftf "^ ' "^g^ "zl:-Wft _i. mm. long, narrow- below, 



enlarged at the mouth, with 

 5 triangular teeth. The 

 honey can be reached by 

 insects WMth a moderately- 

 sized proboscis. The stigm- 

 atic lobes project beyond 

 the cylinder, and spread 

 horizontally and close above 

 the corolla, where the pollen 

 lies in the first stage. Many 

 llorets can be pollinated at 

 one visit. The style is 

 co\-ered with stigmatic 

 papillae on the inside, and 

 the upper part (one-third) with hairs (directed obliquely upwards along 

 the edges of the triangular valves of the upper entl of the anther 

 cylinder), which are unicellular, longer and thicker than the sweeping 

 hairs of the style, and serve to hold the pollen swept out of the anther 

 cylinder. The ray florets are nearly 100 in number, and possess a 

 pistil only, exactly like that of the disk florets. They do not con- 

 tain pollen and do not set seeds. They have an outer golden lobe 

 5-7 mm., with a tube 2-3, and the style protrudes as in the disk with 

 sweeping hairs. The visitors belong to Hymenoptera, Hcriadcs, 

 Halictits; Diptera, Eristalis, Mclitlireptes; Lepidoptera, Polyoniviatiis. 

 Lyccena, .Small .Skipper, Hcspcria //lamnas; Coleoptera, Cassida. Such 

 flowers having" both female and complete florets are termed gyno- 

 moncecious. 



I he pappus is short and unecjual, but the achenes by its means are 

 entirely adapted for dispersal by the wind. 



VhoXc. IV. SnuuTville H-i^tings 



Fleaijanu [Puliruria i^yscuierica^ tlrav) 



