132 FLOWERS Ol- LAKES, RIVERS, ETC. 



earh" tlovvers, wliicli U-;ul many liccs to feed almost entirely nn them, 

 ensure their fertility. Ihe power of secreting honey is the only feature 

 developed to attract insects, and ensures cross-pollination, the unisexual 

 flowers preventing self-pollination. The majority of diclinic insect- 

 pollinated lliiwers, such as .Asjiaragus, Ribcs nigr7i»i. Lychnis vespertina, 

 have become diclinic In' degeneration of the hermaphrodite flower, but 

 in Salix it is inherited from the primitive Angiosperms, which were 

 probably diclinic and wind-pollinated. The plant is visited by bees, &c., 

 flies, beedes, Lepidoptera. 



The seeds are fringed with hairs which assist in wind-ilis[)ersal. 



Crack Willow is a peat-loving plant, growing in peat soil. 



A fungus, Mehnnpsora vitelliiuc, especialK' attacks Crack Willow, 

 which is galled by Ncinatiis (^allicola very frecjuenth". 



Other fungi which attack willows generally are Capiiodinni, Botryo- 

 sp/iavia, K/iv/isnni, CryptoDiyces, Psilocybe, Hypholonia, F/ammicia, 

 Pho/ioia, Plcurotus, Collybia, Tramefes, Foines, Polyponis, Diplodiiia. 

 Crack Willow is galled also by Cecidoniyia saliccti, C. tcnuinalis, 

 Cryptocampus viedu/lariiis, liiiitra aiio/ts/a. 



The^;)beetles which attack willows are of many ditterent kinds, such 



as Carabns, Badistes odes, Honialota, I^tinella, Platynaspis, Sofonia, 



Tiresias, Sinodcndron, Liidins, Coiymbites, Helobiiini, Ptilinns, Rlio- 



palodontns, Aroiuia, Ceraiiibyw Lamia, Sapcrda, Lenia, CryploccplialuSy 



Pliytodeda, Plagiodera, Liipcnis. Locluiura, Galcriica. 



Two Hymenoptera that frequent willows are Megachile zvillmtgh- 

 biella, M. circunicincta, and Colletcs and Andrcna are found on Sallows, 

 and Neniatus salicis on willow. 



The Satin Moth {Liparis sa/icis) and tlie Douljle Kiilney {Tethea 

 rctusa) -Axv two moths common on Crack Willow, which is also attrac- 

 tive to the Eyed Hawk Moth, Goat Moth, Puss, Swallow Prominent, 

 White Satin, Lappet, Herald Moth, Copper I'ndcrwing, Red Undcr- 

 wing. Chocolate Tip, Dark Dagger, Early Thorn, Small Emerald, 

 Common Pug, Small Seraphim. Several Heteropterous insects infest 

 willows, as Plcsiocoris rugicollis, Lygns limbatus, ^-Etorhiinis angulatus, 

 Orthotyhis diaphaiius, O. Jlavineii'is, O. viarginalis, Psallus a/hicinctiis, 

 P. sanguineus, P. salicellus, Plagiognathus roseri, Drynius pi/ipes, and 

 Homoptera, Aplirophora salicis, Hybos siuaragdula, Idioecrus adust us. 



Salix, Pliny, is Latin for willow, and the second Latin name refers 

 (as does the English Crack Willow) to its brittle boughs and iwig.s. 



It is called Crack Willow and Snap Willow; and as to the last 

 a writer speaks of: " The Snap Willow which is so brittle that every 



gale breaks off its feeble twigs". 



